{"book":"JHN","chapter":1,"records":[{"id":"JHN.1.1.s1","refs":["JHN.1.1"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001001001","n43001001002","n43001001003","n43001001004","n43001001005","n43001001006","n43001001007","n43001001008","n43001001009","n43001001010","n43001001011","n43001001012","n43001001013","n43001001014","n43001001015","n43001001016","n43001001017"],"text":"Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος."},"literal_gloss":"In beginning was the word, and the word was toward the God, and God was the word.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.","L":"In [the] beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.","R":"In the beginning the Word was already there. The Word was with God, and the Word was God."},"es":{"B":"En el principio era el Verbo, y el Verbo estaba con Dios, y el Verbo era Dios.","L":"En [el] principio era el Verbo, y el Verbo estaba con Dios, y el Verbo era Dios.","R":"En el principio, el Verbo ya existía. El Verbo estaba con Dios, y el Verbo era Dios."},"fr":{"B":"Au commencement était le Verbe, et le Verbe était auprès de Dieu, et le Verbe était Dieu.","L":"Au commencement était le Verbe, et le Verbe était auprès de Dieu, et le Verbe était Dieu.","R":"Au commencement, le Verbe existait déjà. Le Verbe était auprès de Dieu, et le Verbe était Dieu."},"ko":{"B":"태초에 말씀이 계셨다. 말씀은 하나님과 함께 계셨고, 말씀은 하나님이셨다.","L":"태초에 말씀이 계셨고, 말씀은 하나님과 함께 계셨고, 말씀은 하나님이셨다.","R":"맨 처음에 말씀이 이미 계셨다. 말씀은 하나님과 함께 계셨고, 말씀은 하나님이셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Mwanzoni alikuwako Neno, na Neno alikuwa pamoja na Mungu, na Neno alikuwa Mungu.","L":"Katika mwanzo alikuwako Neno, na Neno alikuwa kwa Mungu, na Neno alikuwa Mungu.","R":"Mwanzoni Neno alikuwepo tayari. Neno alikuwa pamoja na Mungu, na Neno alikuwa Mungu."},"vi":{"B":"Lúc khởi đầu, Ngôi Lời đã hiện hữu; Ngôi Lời ở với Đức Chúa Trời, và Ngôi Lời là Đức Chúa Trời.","L":"Lúc ban đầu đã có Ngôi Lời, và Ngôi Lời ở với Đức Chúa Trời, và Ngôi Lời là Đức Chúa Trời.","R":"Ngay từ lúc khởi đầu, Ngôi Lời đã có rồi. Ngôi Lời ở với Đức Chúa Trời, và Ngôi Lời chính là Đức Chúa Trời."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001001"],"language":"en","target_span":"In"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001002"],"language":"en","target_span":"the beginning"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001003"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001004","n43001001005"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Word"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001006"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001007","n43001001008"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Word"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001009"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001010"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001011","n43001001012"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001013"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001016","n43001001017"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Word"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001015"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001001014"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001001001","n43001001002"],"choice":"In the beginning","alternatives":["At the start","Before time"],"reason":"The same two words open Genesis 1:1 in the Greek Old Testament. John is retelling creation, so every level keeps the echo.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001001004","n43001001005","n43001001007","n43001001008","n43001001016","n43001001017"],"choice":"the Word","alternatives":["the Message","Reason","the Logos"],"reason":"Key term. In Genesis 1 God creates by speaking, so the rendering should keep the link to God speaking. \"Reason\" imports Greek philosophy John does not develop.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001001010","n43001001011","n43001001012"],"choice":"with God","alternatives":["toward God","face to face with God"],"reason":"πρός with the accusative normally means \"toward\"; here it describes presence and relationship. Where a language's natural word is weaker, the note carries the fuller sense.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001001014","n43001001015","n43001001016","n43001001017"],"choice":"the Word was God","alternatives":["the Word was a god","the Word was divine"],"reason":"ὁ λόγος has the article, so it is the subject. θεός comes first without the article and says what the Word is, without making the Word the same person as \"the God\" just mentioned. \"A god\" would contradict John's insistence on one God; \"divine\" is weaker than the noun.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001003"],"choice":"was already there","alternatives":["was"],"reason":"The imperfect ἦν (was, continuing) contrasts with ἐγένετο (came into being) in verses 3, 6 and 14. Readable makes the contrast explicit.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001005","n43001001008","n43001001017"],"choice":"el Verbo (key term)","alternatives":["la Palabra"],"reason":"\"La Palabra\" shows the link to God's speech more plainly, but it is feminine: verse 2 would need \"Esta\", and the Word would be \"she\" until becoming a man in verse 14. \"El Verbo\" is masculine, is the traditional term (from the Latin Verbum), and keeps the pronouns natural. The glossary explains that it means \"the Word\". For review by a native speaker.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001003","n43001001009","n43001001015"],"choice":"era for being or identity; estaba for presence","alternatives":["era throughout"],"reason":"Spanish must split one Greek verb into ser and estar. \"Era el Verbo\" and \"era Dios\" say what he is; \"estaba con Dios\" says where he was. The Spanish imperfect also carries the continuing sense of ἦν that English Readable had to add with \"already\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001005","n43001001008","n43001001017"],"choice":"le Verbe (key term)","alternatives":["la Parole"],"reason":"\"La Parole\" says \"speech\" more plainly and keeps the link to God speaking in Genesis 1, but it is feminine: verse 2 would read \"Elle était au commencement\" and the Word would be \"elle\" until becoming a man in verse 14. \"Le Verbe\" is masculine, is the traditional French term (from the Latin Verbum) and keeps the pronouns natural; its weakness is that \"verbe\" today is mostly a grammar word, so the glossary says it means \"the Word\". For review by a native speaker, as the Spanish \"el Verbo\" is.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001010","n43001001011","n43001001012"],"choice":"auprès de Dieu","alternatives":["avec Dieu","tourné vers Dieu"],"reason":"\"Auprès de\" says presence beside a person, closer to the relational sense of the Greek preposition than the bare \"avec\"; \"tourné vers\" copies the preposition’s basic sense, which the meaning decision leaves to the note. French \"être\" covers both identity and presence, so unlike Spanish no split of the verb is needed, and the imperfect \"était\" already carries the continuing sense.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001005","n43001001008","n43001001017"],"choice":"Neno (key term), with personal agreement","alternatives":["Neno with class 5 agreement (Neno lilikuwa)","Logos"],"reason":"\"Neno\" is the ordinary word for a word and for God's word, so it keeps the link to God speaking in Genesis 1. It is a class 5 noun, which would make it \"lilikuwa\" (it was); because the Word is a person, it takes the personal agreement \"alikuwa\" (he was), as Swahili does for nouns naming living beings. For review by a native speaker.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001003","n43001001009","n43001001010","n43001001015"],"choice":"alikuwako for existence; alikuwa kwa (L) or pamoja na (B, R) for presence; alikuwa for identity","alternatives":["alikuwa throughout","alikuwa kwa Mungu at every level"],"reason":"Swahili splits ἦν three ways: \"alikuwako\" says the Word existed, \"alikuwa ... Mungu\" says what he is, and the preposition says where he was. For πρὸς Literal keeps \"kwa Mungu\" (at God's side, towards God); Balanced and Readable say \"pamoja na Mungu\" (together with God), which a reader cannot mistake for \"by God\" or \"to God\". Readable adds \"tayari\" (already) where the English Readable adds \"already\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001005","n43001001008","n43001001017"],"choice":"\"말씀\" (key term), with the subject honorific (\"말씀이 계셨다\", \"하나님이셨다\")","alternatives":["\"로고스\" (transliteration)","\"말씀이 있었다\" (no honorific)"],"reason":"\"말씀\" is the ordinary respectful word for speech and for God's word, so it keeps the link to God speaking in Genesis 1. Because the Word is a person and is God, the verbs take the honorific -시- (\"계셨다\", \"이셨다\") at every level; \"있었다\" would treat the Word as a thing.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001012","n43001001014"],"choice":"\"하나님\" for God, every level and the whole book","alternatives":["\"하느님\""],"reason":"\"하나님\" is the Protestant word most Korean readers use; \"하느님\" is the Catholic and Common Translation word. The style guide asks for this to be recorded as uncertain here for a reviewer to settle.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-3","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001001","n43001001002"],"choice":"\"태초에\" (L, B); \"맨 처음에\" (R)","alternatives":["\"처음에\" at every level"],"reason":"\"태초에\" is the word Korean readers know from Genesis 1:1, so it carries the allusion the meaning note describes. Readable uses the plain native phrase \"맨 처음에\" (at the very beginning) and adds \"이미\" (already) as the English Readable adds \"already\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001005","n43001001008","n43001001017"],"choice":"\"Ngôi Lời\" (key term for logos) at every level","alternatives":["\"Lời\"","\"Đạo\""],"reason":"\"Lời\" alone reads as a thing (a word, a message); \"Ngôi\" is the word Vietnamese uses for a person of the Godhead, and John's Word is a person who is with God and is God. \"Đạo\" (the Way, the Teaching) is an older choice that loses the link with God speaking in Genesis 1.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001001012","n43001001014"],"choice":"\"Đức Chúa Trời\" for God, in the Protestant tradition, every level","alternatives":["\"Thiên Chúa\" (Catholic usage)"],"reason":"Names and key terms follow the Protestant tradition that most Vietnamese Bible readers online know. Catholic readers say \"Thiên Chúa\" (and \"Gio-an\", \"Đức Giê-su\"); switching would be a change for the whole book, left to a native reviewer.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.2.s1","refs":["JHN.1.2"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001002001","n43001002002","n43001002003","n43001002004","n43001002005","n43001002006","n43001002007"],"text":"οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν."},"literal_gloss":"This one was in beginning toward the God.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He was with God in the beginning.","L":"This one was in [the] beginning with God.","R":"He was with God from the very beginning."},"es":{"B":"Él estaba con Dios en el principio.","L":"Este estaba en [el] principio con Dios.","R":"Desde el principio, {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} estaba con Dios."},"fr":{"B":"Il était auprès de Dieu au commencement.","L":"Celui-ci était au commencement auprès de Dieu.","R":"Il était auprès de Dieu depuis le tout début."},"ko":{"B":"그분은 태초에 하나님과 함께 계셨다.","L":"이분은 태초에 하나님과 함께 계셨다.","R":"그분은 맨 처음부터 하나님과 함께 계셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Yeye alikuwa pamoja na Mungu mwanzoni.","L":"Huyu alikuwa katika mwanzo kwa Mungu.","R":"Tangu mwanzo kabisa alikuwa pamoja na Mungu."},"vi":{"B":"Ngay lúc khởi đầu, {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã ở với Đức Chúa Trời.","L":"Đấng này lúc ban đầu đã ở với Đức Chúa Trời.","R":"Ngài đã ở với Đức Chúa Trời ngay từ lúc khởi đầu."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002001"],"language":"en","target_span":"He"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002002"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002005"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002006","n43001002007"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002003"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001002004"],"language":"en","target_span":"the beginning"}],"decisions":[{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001002001"],"choice":"He","alternatives":["This one"],"reason":"Verse 2 repeats verse 1 for emphasis. \"He\" reads naturally and the person is clear; Literal keeps \"This one\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001002001"],"choice":"no deity_pronoun span on Yeye or on the verb prefix","alternatives":["{{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} alikuwa"],"reason":"Swahili marks the subject inside the verb (a-likuwa), and a prefix cannot take a capital. A free pronoun at the start of a sentence is capitalised anyway, as in English. So Swahili has fewer pronoun spans than English; the setting applies to free pronouns and possessives (yeye, wake, lake).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.3.s1","refs":["JHN.1.3"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001003001","n43001003002","n43001003003","n43001003004","n43001003005","n43001003006","n43001003007","n43001003008","n43001003009","n43001003010","n43001003011","n43001003012"],"text":"πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ γέγονεν"},"literal_gloss":"All things through him came into being, and apart from him came into being not even one thing. What has come into being","renderings":{"en":{"B":"All things came into being through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, and without {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} nothing came into being that has come into being.","L":"All things came into being through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, and apart from {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} not even one thing came into being that has come into being.","R":"Everything was made through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. Nothing that exists was made without {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}."},"es":{"B":"Todo llegó a existir por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}; sin {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} no llegó a existir nada de lo que existe.","L":"Todas las cosas llegaron a existir por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, y aparte de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} no llegó a existir ni una sola cosa de lo que ha llegado a existir.","R":"Por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} se hizo todo. Nada de lo que existe se hizo sin {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}."},"fr":{"B":"Tout vint à l’existence par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, et sans {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} rien ne vint à l’existence de ce qui existe.","L":"Toutes choses vinrent à l’existence par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, et en dehors de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} pas une seule chose ne vint à l’existence de ce qui est venu à l’existence.","R":"Tout a commencé à exister par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}. Rien de ce qui existe n’a commencé à exister sans {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}."},"ko":{"B":"모든 것이 그분을 통해 생겨났다. 생겨난 것 가운데 그분 없이 생겨난 것은 하나도 없다.","L":"모든 것이 그분을 통하여 생겨났고, 그분 없이는 생겨난 것 가운데 단 하나도 생겨나지 않았다.","R":"모든 것이 그분을 통해 만들어졌다. 지금 있는 것 가운데 그분 없이 만들어진 것은 하나도 없다."},"sw":{"B":"Vitu vyote vilikuja kuwako kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}, na bila {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} hakuna kitu chochote kilichokuja kuwako kati ya vyote vilivyopo.","L":"Vitu vyote vilikuja kuwako kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}, na bila {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} hakikuja kuwako hata kitu kimoja kilichokuja kuwako.","R":"Kila kitu kiliumbwa kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}. Hakuna kitu chochote kilichopo ambacho kiliumbwa bila {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}."},"vi":{"B":"Mọi vật đều thành hình qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}; không có {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} thì chẳng có gì đã thành hình trong mọi vật đã có.","L":"Mọi vật đã thành hình qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, và ngoài {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} không một vật nào đã thành hình trong những gì đã thành hình.","R":"Mọi vật được tạo nên qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}. Trong mọi thứ đang có, không có gì được tạo nên mà không có {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003001"],"language":"en","target_span":"All things"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003004"],"language":"en","target_span":"came into being"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003002","n43001003003"],"language":"en","target_span":"through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003006","n43001003007"],"language":"en","target_span":"without {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003009","n43001003010"],"language":"en","target_span":"nothing"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003008"],"language":"en","target_span":"came into being"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003011"],"language":"en","target_span":"that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001003012"],"language":"en","target_span":"has come into being"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"punctuation","tokens":["n43001003011","n43001003012"],"choice":"the clause ends verse 3: nothing came into being that has come into being","alternatives":["the clause begins verse 4: what has come into being in him was life"],"reason":"The manuscripts have no punctuation, so both readings are possible; the SBLGNT itself punctuates the other way, as did several early Christian writers. We follow the reading that most translations use because \"what has come into being in him was life\" is hard to make sense of. A footnote gives the other reading.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"came into being","alternatives":["was created"],"reason":"γίνομαι means to come to be, happen or become; it is not the usual word for create. The sense, creation through the Word, is the same either way.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001003002","n43001003003"],"choice":"through him: the one through whom the Father acts","alternatives":["by him, as maker"],"reason":"διά with the genitive names the agent through whom someone acts. The Father creates through the Word.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"was made","alternatives":["came into being"],"reason":"Plain English for Readable; the meaning decision is unchanged.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003002","n43001003003"],"choice":"por medio de él","alternatives":["por él"],"reason":"\"Por él\" can mean \"by him\" as the maker. \"Por medio de\" keeps the Word as the one through whom the Father acts; the same phrase is used for Moses in verse 17.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-4","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"llegó a existir (L, B); se hizo (R)","alternatives":["fueron creadas"],"reason":"Follows the meaning decision; \"se hizo\" is the plain Spanish for Readable.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008","n43001003012"],"choice":"passé simple for narrative past (L, B); passé composé (R); passé composé in speech and first-person testimony at every level","alternatives":["passé composé throughout","passé simple at Readable too"],"reason":"The passé simple is the normal tense of written French narrative and suits a careful public reading. Readable uses the passé composé, the past tense of spoken French that young readers read and write today. Where people speak, or the writer speaks as a witness (\"nous avons contemplé\", 1:14), every level uses the passé composé as French does. Literal keeps the Greek present where John has it and the perfect as a passé composé (\"ce qui est venu à l’existence\").","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003002","n43001003003","n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"venir à l’existence par lui (L, B); commencer à exister par lui (R)","alternatives":["être fait par lui","être créé par lui"],"reason":"With an intransitive verb, \"par lui\" reads as \"through him\", the one through whom the Father acts. A passive (\"tout a été fait par lui\") would make him the agent, \"by him\", and \"créer\" is not the Greek verb. Readable keeps the intransitive with plain words. In verse 17, where French needs a passive, \"par l’intermédiaire de\" is used for Moses.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003002","n43001003003"],"choice":"kupitia yeye","alternatives":["kwa yeye","na yeye"],"reason":"\"Kwa\" can mean through, by, with or to, and \"na\" would make him the maker on his own. \"Kupitia\" (through) says he is the one through whom God made everything, as the meaning note has it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"vilikuja kuwako (L, B); kiliumbwa (R)","alternatives":["vilifanyika","viliumbwa at every level"],"reason":"\"Kuja kuwako\" (come to be) keeps the Greek verb's sense of coming into existence, distinct from \"alikuwako\" (was) in verse 1. Readable says \"kiliumbwa\" (was created), as the English Readable says \"was made\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001003003","n43001003007"],"choice":"\"그분\" with no deity_pronoun span, here and through the passage","alternatives":["a deity_pronoun span on \"그분\""],"reason":"Korean has no capital letters, so the deity_pronoun setting has nothing to change and the Korean text carries no deity_pronoun spans. Respect for the Word is carried at every level by \"그분\" (that honoured person) and by the honorific -시- and 께서 on verbs and subjects.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001003004","n43001003008"],"choice":"\"생겨나다\" (L, B); \"만들어지다\" (R)","alternatives":["\"지어지다\"","\"창조되다\""],"reason":"\"생겨나다\" (come into being) keeps the Greek verb's sense of coming to exist, distinct from \"계셨다\" (was) in verse 1. Readable says \"만들어졌다\" (was made), as the English Readable says \"was made\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001003003","n43001003007"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} for the Word, Jesus and God in the narrative","alternatives":["\"Ngài\" always capitalised","\"người\""],"reason":"Vietnamese already has a respectful pronoun for God and for Jesus, \"ngài\"; the reader setting only decides whether it is capitalised in mid-sentence. At the start of a sentence it is written \"Ngài\" plainly. The Word is spoken of as \"ngài\" from here on, since the Word is a person.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.4.s1","refs":["JHN.1.4"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001004001","n43001004002","n43001004003","n43001004004","n43001004005","n43001004006","n43001004007","n43001004008","n43001004009","n43001004010","n43001004011","n43001004012"],"text":"ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων·"},"literal_gloss":"in him life was, and the life was the light of the human beings.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"In {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} was life, and that life was the light of {{gender:all people|men}}.","L":"In {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} was life, and the life was the light of {{gender:people|men}}.","R":"Life itself was in {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, and that life was the light for {{gender:all people|all men}}."},"es":{"B":"En {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} estaba la vida, y esa vida era la luz de {{gender:toda la humanidad|los hombres}}.","L":"En {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} estaba la vida, y la vida era la luz de {{gender:los seres humanos|los hombres}}.","R":"En {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} estaba la vida misma, y esa vida era la luz para {{gender:toda la humanidad|todos los hombres}}."},"fr":{"B":"En {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} était la vie, et cette vie était la lumière {{gender:de l’humanité|des hommes}}.","L":"En {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} était la vie, et la vie était la lumière {{gender:des humains|des hommes}}.","R":"La vie elle-même était en {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, et cette vie était la lumière {{gender:de tous les êtres humains|de tous les hommes}}."},"ko":{"B":"그분 안에 생명이 있었고, 그 생명은 모든 사람의 빛이었다.","L":"그분 안에 생명이 있었고, 그 생명은 사람들의 빛이었다.","R":"생명 자체가 그분 안에 있었고, 그 생명은 모든 사람을 비추는 빛이었다."},"sw":{"B":"Ndani {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}} kulikuwa na uzima, na uzima huo ulikuwa nuru ya watu wote.","L":"Ndani {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}} kulikuwa na uzima, na uzima ulikuwa nuru ya wanadamu.","R":"Uzima wenyewe ulikuwa ndani {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}}, na uzima huo ulikuwa nuru kwa watu wote."},"vi":{"B":"Trong {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} có sự sống, và sự sống ấy là ánh sáng cho mọi người.","L":"Trong {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} có sự sống, và sự sống là ánh sáng của loài người.","R":"Sự sống ở ngay trong {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, và sự sống ấy là ánh sáng cho mọi người."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004001","n43001004002"],"language":"en","target_span":"In {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004004"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004003"],"language":"en","target_span":"life"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004006","n43001004007"],"language":"en","target_span":"that life"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004008"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004009","n43001004010"],"language":"en","target_span":"the light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001004011","n43001004012"],"language":"en","target_span":"of {{gender:all people|men}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"human beings in general","alternatives":["males"],"reason":"ἀνθρώπων here means humanity as a whole, so the gender setting applies.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"{{gender:all people|men}}","alternatives":["of mankind"],"reason":"The inclusive default says plainly what the word means; Traditional is one tap away.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"{{gender:toda la humanidad|los hombres}}","alternatives":["las personas"],"reason":"Spanish \"hombres\" is often read as generic, but the inclusive default says it plainly.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004011","n43001004012"],"choice":"{{gender:de l’humanité|des hommes}}","alternatives":["des gens","du genre humain"],"reason":"French \"homme\" is read as generic less and less, so the inclusive default says plainly that all people are meant; the traditional \"des hommes\" is the alternative.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001004003","n43001004007","n43001004010"],"choice":"uzima; nuru (for the whole book)","alternatives":["maisha","mwanga"],"reason":"\"Maisha\" is a lifetime or the way one lives; \"uzima\" is life itself, the word Swahili uses for eternal life, so John's life-words stay one word. \"Mwanga\" is everyday light; \"nuru\" is light as a figure of God's presence and truth, which is what John means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"no gender span: wanadamu (L), watu wote (B, R)","alternatives":["{{gender:watu wote|wanaume}}"],"reason":"The English offers \"men\" as a traditional alternative. Swahili \"wanadamu\" and \"watu\" already include men and women, and the only male alternative, \"wanaume\", means males and would change the meaning. So the Swahili has no gender span here or in verse 9.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"\"사람들\" / \"모든 사람\" with no gender span (here and in 1:9)","alternatives":["{{gender:사람들|남자들}}"],"reason":"The English offers \"people\" or \"men\" for a word meaning human beings. Korean \"사람\" already means a human being of either sex and has no generic masculine to offer as an alternative, so the gender setting has nothing to change here.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001004012"],"choice":"\"loài người\" (L), \"mọi người\" (B, R) with no gender span","alternatives":["a gender setting span as in the English"],"reason":"Vietnamese \"người\" already means a human being of either sex, so there is no second wording for the gender setting to offer; the English span has no Vietnamese counterpart here or in 1:9.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.5.s1","refs":["JHN.1.5"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001005001","n43001005002","n43001005003","n43001005004","n43001005005","n43001005006","n43001005007","n43001005008","n43001005009","n43001005010","n43001005011","n43001005012","n43001005013"],"text":"καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν."},"literal_gloss":"And the light in the darkness shines, and the darkness it not overcame.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.","L":"And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it.","R":"The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has never put it out."},"es":{"B":"La luz brilla en la oscuridad, y la oscuridad no la ha vencido.","L":"Y la luz brilla en la oscuridad, y la oscuridad no la venció.","R":"La luz brilla en la oscuridad, y la oscuridad nunca ha podido apagarla."},"fr":{"B":"La lumière brille dans les ténèbres, et les ténèbres ne l’ont pas vaincue.","L":"Et la lumière brille dans les ténèbres, et les ténèbres ne la vainquirent pas.","R":"La lumière brille dans l’obscurité, et l’obscurité n’a jamais pu l’éteindre."},"ko":{"B":"빛이 어둠 속에서 비치고 있다. 어둠은 그 빛을 이기지 못했다.","L":"그리고 빛이 어둠 속에서 비치고, 어둠은 그 빛을 이기지 못했다.","R":"빛은 어둠 속에서 비치고 있다. 어둠은 그 빛을 한 번도 끄지 못했다."},"sw":{"B":"Nuru inang'aa gizani, na giza halijaishinda.","L":"Na nuru inang'aa katika giza, na giza halikuishinda.","R":"Nuru inang'aa gizani, na giza halijawahi kuizima."},"vi":{"B":"Ánh sáng chiếu soi trong bóng tối, và bóng tối đã không thắng nổi ánh sáng.","L":"Và ánh sáng chiếu trong bóng tối, và bóng tối đã không thắng được nó.","R":"Ánh sáng chiếu trong bóng tối, và bóng tối chưa bao giờ dập tắt được ánh sáng."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005002","n43001005003"],"language":"en","target_span":"The light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005007"],"language":"en","target_span":"shines"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005004"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005005","n43001005006"],"language":"en","target_span":"the darkness"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005008"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005009","n43001005010"],"language":"en","target_span":"the darkness"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005013"],"language":"en","target_span":"has"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005012"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005013"],"language":"en","target_span":"overcome"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001005011"],"language":"en","target_span":"it"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001005007"],"choice":"present tense: the light is still shining","alternatives":["past tense"],"reason":"John switches to the present tense here. Every level keeps it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001005012","n43001005013"],"choice":"overcome, overpower","alternatives":["understand, grasp"],"reason":"καταλαμβάνω can mean seize, overpower, or grasp with the mind. John 12:35 uses it of darkness overtaking someone, which supports \"overcome\". John may intend both senses; the note says so.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005013"],"choice":"has not / has never put it out","alternatives":["did not"],"reason":"The aorist looks back on a whole history of opposition; the English perfect expresses a result that still holds. Readable's \"put it out\" keeps the light-and-darkness image.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005013"],"choice":"no la ha vencido (B); nunca ha podido apagarla (R)","alternatives":["no la comprendió"],"reason":"Follows the meaning decision and its footnote; Readable keeps the light image.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005013"],"choice":"vaincre (L, B); n’a jamais pu l’éteindre (R)","alternatives":["saisir","comprendre","arrêter"],"reason":"Follows the meaning decision (overcome). French \"saisir\" could keep both senses, seize and grasp with the mind, but it leans toward understanding in modern French, which the meaning decision puts in the footnote. Literal keeps the aorist as a passé simple; Balanced uses the perfect like the English, a result that still holds; Readable keeps the light image.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005006","n43001005010"],"choice":"l’obscurité","alternatives":["les ténèbres"],"reason":"\"Les ténèbres\" is the traditional word and is kept at Literal and Balanced; \"l’obscurité\" is the plain word for young readers.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005012","n43001005013"],"choice":"halikuishinda (L); halijaishinda (B); halijawahi kuizima (R)","alternatives":["halikuielewa","halikuiweza"],"reason":"\"Kushinda\" (overcome) carries the sense in the meaning note. Literal keeps the simple past; Balanced uses the negative perfect \"-ja-\" (has not overcome), which goes with the present \"inang'aa\"; Readable says \"has never put it out\", as the English Readable does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005012","n43001005013"],"choice":"\"이기지 못했다\" (L, B); \"끄지 못했다\" (R)","alternatives":["\"깨닫지 못했다\""],"reason":"The meaning decision reads the verb as overcome, overpower. The older Korean reading \"깨닫다\" (understand) follows the other sense, which the footnote gives. Readable pictures the darkness failing to put the light out.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001005012","n43001005013"],"choice":"\"thắng được / thắng nổi\" (overcome); R \"dập tắt\" (put out)","alternatives":["\"nhận lấy\", \"hiểu\" (comprehend)"],"reason":"The meaning decision reads the verb as overcome, overpower. Older Vietnamese readers know the verse with a word for receiving or understanding; that sense goes in the footnote, not the text.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.6.s1","refs":["JHN.1.6"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001006001","n43001006002","n43001006003","n43001006004","n43001006005","n43001006006","n43001006007","n43001006008"],"text":"Ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἰωάννης·"},"literal_gloss":"There came a man, sent from God, name to him John.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"There came a man sent from God, whose name was John.","L":"There came a man sent from God; [the] name [of] him [was] John.","R":"God sent a man named John."},"es":{"B":"Vino un hombre enviado por Dios, que se llamaba Juan.","L":"Vino un hombre enviado de parte de Dios; [el] nombre [de] él [era] Juan.","R":"Dios envió a un hombre llamado Juan."},"fr":{"B":"Un homme parut, envoyé par Dieu ; il s’appelait Jean.","L":"Survint un homme envoyé de la part de Dieu ; son nom [était] Jean.","R":"Dieu a envoyé un homme qui s’appelait Jean."},"ko":{"B":"하나님께서 보내신 사람이 있었는데, 그 이름은 요한이었다.","L":"하나님께로부터 보냄을 받은 한 사람이 나타났는데, 그의 이름은 요한이었다.","R":"하나님께서 요한이라는 사람을 보내셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Alitokea mtu aliyetumwa na Mungu, jina lake Yohana.","L":"Alitokea mtu aliyetumwa kutoka kwa Mungu, jina lake Yohana.","R":"Mungu alimtuma mtu mmoja aitwaye Yohana."},"vi":{"B":"Có một người được Đức Chúa Trời sai đến, tên là Giăng.","L":"Có một người xuất hiện, được sai đến từ Đức Chúa Trời, tên [là] Giăng.","R":"Đức Chúa Trời sai một người tên là Giăng đến."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006001"],"language":"en","target_span":"There came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006002"],"language":"en","target_span":"a man"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006003"],"language":"en","target_span":"sent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006004"],"language":"en","target_span":"from"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006005"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006007"],"language":"en","target_span":"whose"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006006"],"language":"en","target_span":"name"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001006008"],"language":"en","target_span":"was John"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001006001"],"choice":"John came on the scene","alternatives":["John simply existed"],"reason":"John switches from the imperfect \"was\" of verses 1-2 (the Word simply was) to Ἐγένετο (John came on the scene). Renderings should keep that contrast.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001006002"],"choice":"a specific male","alternatives":["a person"],"reason":"A specific man is meant, so the gender setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001006001"],"choice":"Survint (L); parut (B)","alternatives":["Il y eut"],"reason":"The meaning decision asks for the contrast between the Word who simply \"was\" (verses 1-2) and John who came on the scene. \"Il y eut\" sounds like mere existence; \"survenir\" and \"paraître\" say an arrival.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001006001"],"choice":"Alitokea mtu","alternatives":["Palikuwa na mtu","Alikuja mtu"],"reason":"Ἐγένετο brings John onto the scene; \"alitokea\" (appeared, came on the scene) says that, and contrasts with \"alikuwako\" (was) used of the Word.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001006001","n43001006005","n43001006008"],"choice":"narrative in the plain written style (-었다), honorific for God (\"하나님께서 보내신\") but not for John (\"요한이었다\")","alternatives":["합쇼체 narrative (-었습니다)","honorific for John"],"reason":"The style guide sets the narrative in 해라체, the style of written prose, with the subject honorific -시- and 께서 for God and Jesus only. John and other people take plain forms, so the honorific itself marks who is divine.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001006008"],"choice":"\"Giăng\" for John (the Baptist and the apostle)","alternatives":["\"Gio-an\" (Catholic)","\"Giô-an\""],"reason":"The Protestant transliteration fixed by the 1926 version, which the names in this translation follow. Catholic readers know him as \"Gio-an\"; a reviewer may change the whole book's names together.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.7.s1","refs":["JHN.1.7"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001007001","n43001007002","n43001007003","n43001007004","n43001007005","n43001007006","n43001007007","n43001007008","n43001007009","n43001007010","n43001007011","n43001007012","n43001007013","n43001007014"],"text":"οὗτος ἦλθεν εἰς μαρτυρίαν, ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός, ἵνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν δι’ αὐτοῦ."},"literal_gloss":"This one came for testimony, so that he might testify about the light, so that all might believe through him.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He came as a witness, to testify about the light, so that through him everyone might believe.","L":"This one came for testimony, in order to testify about the light, so that all might believe through him.","R":"He came to tell people about the light, so that everyone could believe through his message."},"es":{"B":"Vino como testigo, para dar testimonio de la luz, a fin de que por medio de él todos creyeran.","L":"Este vino para testimonio, para dar testimonio acerca de la luz, a fin de que todos creyeran por medio de él.","R":"Juan vino a hablarle a la gente acerca de la luz, para que todos creyeran por medio de su mensaje."},"fr":{"B":"Il vint comme témoin, pour témoigner de la lumière, afin que tous croient grâce à lui.","L":"Celui-ci vint pour un témoignage, afin de rendre témoignage au sujet de la lumière, afin que tous croient par lui.","R":"Jean est venu parler de la lumière aux gens, pour que tout le monde puisse croire grâce à son message."},"ko":{"B":"그는 증인으로 왔다. 빛에 대하여 증언하여, 모든 사람이 그를 통해 믿게 하려는 것이었다.","L":"이 사람은 증언을 위하여 왔다. 빛에 대하여 증언하려는 것이었고, 모든 사람이 그를 통하여 믿게 하려는 것이었다.","R":"요한은 사람들에게 빛에 대해 알려 주려고 왔다. 그가 전하는 말을 듣고 모든 사람이 믿게 하려는 것이었다."},"sw":{"B":"Alikuja kama shahidi, ili ashuhudie kuhusu nuru, ili kupitia yeye watu wote waamini.","L":"Huyu alikuja kwa ajili ya ushuhuda, ili ashuhudie kuhusu nuru, ili wote waamini kupitia yeye.","R":"Yohana alikuja kuwaambia watu habari za nuru, ili kila mtu aweze kuamini kupitia ujumbe wake."},"vi":{"B":"Ông đến làm nhân chứng, để làm chứng về ánh sáng, hầu cho mọi người nhờ ông mà tin.","L":"Người này đến làm nhân chứng, để làm chứng về ánh sáng, để tất cả nhờ ông mà tin.","R":"Giăng đến để nói cho mọi người biết về ánh sáng, để ai nấy đều có thể tin nhờ lời ông nói."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007001"],"language":"en","target_span":"He"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007002"],"language":"en","target_span":"came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007003"],"language":"en","target_span":"as"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007004"],"language":"en","target_span":"a witness"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007005","n43001007006"],"language":"en","target_span":"to testify"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007007"],"language":"en","target_span":"about"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007008","n43001007009"],"language":"en","target_span":"the light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007010"],"language":"en","target_span":"so that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007013","n43001007014"],"language":"en","target_span":"through him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007011"],"language":"en","target_span":"everyone"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001007012"],"language":"en","target_span":"might believe"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001007004","n43001007006"],"choice":"witness, testimony: a courtroom word","alternatives":["telling, informing"],"reason":"This word family runs through the whole Gospel and carries a courtroom sense. Keep it consistent where the level allows.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001007013","n43001007014"],"choice":"through him = through John's testimony","alternatives":["through the light"],"reason":"The pronoun refers to John: people believe through what he testifies.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001007013","n43001007014"],"choice":"grâce à lui","alternatives":["par lui"],"reason":"\"Croire par lui\" is stiff in modern French. \"Grâce à lui\" says that people believe through John’s testimony, as the meaning decision reads it; because \"lumière\" is feminine, \"lui\" cannot be taken for the light.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001007004","n43001007006"],"choice":"parler de la lumière","alternatives":["rendre témoignage à la lumière"],"reason":"As the English Readable, plain words for young readers; the courtroom sense of the word family stays at Literal and Balanced.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001007004","n43001007006"],"choice":"\"증언\", \"증언하다\", \"증인\" (key terms); \"알려 주다\" (R)","alternatives":["\"증거\", \"증거하다\""],"reason":"\"증언\" is the modern courtroom word for testimony, which the meaning decision asks for; \"증거\" now mostly means evidence. Readable says \"알려 주다\" (make known) as the English Readable says \"tell people about\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001007004","n43001007006"],"choice":"\"nhân chứng\", \"làm chứng\" (witness, testify)","alternatives":["\"chứng nhân\"","\"chứng minh\""],"reason":"The courtroom words of everyday Vietnamese, kept through the book for the testimony theme (with \"lời chứng\" for the noun). \"Ông\" is the narrator's pronoun for John the Baptist.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.8.s1","refs":["JHN.1.8"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001008001","n43001008002","n43001008003","n43001008004","n43001008005","n43001008006","n43001008007","n43001008008","n43001008009","n43001008010","n43001008011"],"text":"οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, ἀλλ’ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός."},"literal_gloss":"That one was not the light, but so that he might testify about the light.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He himself was not the light; he came to testify about the light.","L":"That one was not the light, but [he came] in order to testify about the light.","R":"John was not the light himself. He came to tell people about the light."},"es":{"B":"Él mismo no era la luz; vino para dar testimonio de la luz.","L":"Aquel no era la luz, sino [vino] para dar testimonio acerca de la luz.","R":"Juan no era la luz. Vino para hablar de la luz."},"fr":{"B":"Il n’était pas lui-même la lumière ; il vint pour témoigner de la lumière.","L":"Celui-là n’était pas la lumière, mais [il vint] pour rendre témoignage au sujet de la lumière.","R":"Jean n’était pas lui-même la lumière. Il est venu parler de la lumière."},"ko":{"B":"그 자신은 빛이 아니었다. 그는 빛에 대하여 증언하러 왔다.","L":"저 사람은 그 빛이 아니었고, 빛에 대하여 증언하려고 [왔다].","R":"요한은 빛이 아니었다. 그는 빛에 대해 알려 주러 왔다."},"sw":{"B":"Yeye mwenyewe hakuwa nuru; alikuja ili ashuhudie kuhusu nuru.","L":"Yule hakuwa nuru, bali [alikuja] ili ashuhudie kuhusu nuru.","R":"Yohana hakuwa nuru yenyewe. Alikuja kuwaambia watu habari za nuru."},"vi":{"B":"Chính ông không phải là ánh sáng; ông đến để làm chứng về ánh sáng.","L":"Người ấy không phải là ánh sáng, nhưng [ông đến] để làm chứng về ánh sáng.","R":"Giăng không phải là ánh sáng. Ông đến để nói cho mọi người biết về ánh sáng."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008003"],"language":"en","target_span":"He himself"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008002"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008001"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008004","n43001008005"],"language":"en","target_span":"the light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008007","n43001008008"],"language":"en","target_span":"to testify"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008009"],"language":"en","target_span":"about"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001008010","n43001008011"],"language":"en","target_span":"the light"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001008003","n43001008006","n43001008007"],"choice":"emphatic: John, as distinct from the light; the second clause has no verb","alternatives":[],"reason":"ἐκεῖνος is emphatic. The clause after ἀλλ has no main verb; languages that need one supply \"he came\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001008003","n43001008006","n43001008007"],"choice":"He himself; he came","alternatives":["That one (Literal)"],"reason":"English needs a verb in the second clause.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.9.s1","refs":["JHN.1.9"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001009001","n43001009002","n43001009003","n43001009004","n43001009005","n43001009006","n43001009007","n43001009008","n43001009009","n43001009010","n43001009011","n43001009012","n43001009013"],"text":"ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον."},"literal_gloss":"It was the true light, which enlightens every human being, coming into the world.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The true light, who gives light to {{gender:everyone|every man}}, was coming into the world.","L":"The true light, which enlightens every {{gender:person|man}}, was coming into the world.","R":"The true light, who gives light to {{gender:everyone|every man}}, was coming into the world."},"es":{"B":"La luz verdadera, que alumbra a {{gender:todo ser humano|todo hombre}}, venía al mundo.","L":"La luz verdadera, que alumbra a todo {{gender:ser humano|hombre}}, venía al mundo.","R":"La luz verdadera, la que alumbra a {{gender:todos|todo hombre}}, venía al mundo."},"fr":{"B":"La vraie lumière, celle qui éclaire {{gender:tout être humain|tout homme}}, venait dans le monde.","L":"La lumière véritable, qui éclaire {{gender:tout être humain|tout homme}}, venait dans le monde.","R":"La vraie lumière, celle qui éclaire {{gender:tous les humains|tous les hommes}}, venait dans le monde."},"ko":{"B":"모든 사람에게 빛을 비추는 참 빛이 세상에 오고 있었다.","L":"모든 사람을 비추는 참 빛이 세상에 오고 있었다.","R":"참 빛이 세상에 오고 있었다. 그 빛은 모든 사람에게 빛을 비추어 준다."},"sw":{"B":"Nuru ya kweli, inayomwangazia kila mtu, ilikuwa ikija ulimwenguni.","L":"Nuru ya kweli, inayomwangazia kila mtu, ilikuwa ikija ulimwenguni.","R":"Nuru ya kweli, inayompa kila mtu mwanga, ilikuwa ikija ulimwenguni."},"vi":{"B":"Ánh sáng thật, Đấng soi sáng cho mọi người, đang đến thế gian.","L":"Ánh sáng thật, [ánh sáng] soi sáng mỗi người, đang đến thế gian.","R":"Ánh sáng thật đang đến thế gian. Ánh sáng ấy soi sáng cho mọi người."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009002","n43001009003","n43001009004","n43001009005"],"language":"en","target_span":"The true light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009006"],"language":"en","target_span":"who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009007"],"language":"en","target_span":"gives light"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009008","n43001009009"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{gender:everyone|every man}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009001"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009010"],"language":"en","target_span":"coming"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009011"],"language":"en","target_span":"into"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001009012","n43001009013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the world"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001009010"],"choice":"the light was coming into the world","alternatives":["every person who comes into the world"],"reason":"The participle could agree with the light or with every person. John elsewhere speaks of the light coming into the world (3:19; 12:46), and verses 10-11 describe its arrival. A footnote gives the other reading.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001009008","n43001009009"],"choice":"every human being","alternatives":["every male"],"reason":"Generic, so the gender setting applies.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001009007"],"choice":"gives light to","alternatives":["enlightens"],"reason":"\"Enlightens\" now suggests sudden understanding or the Enlightenment; \"gives light to\" keeps the image.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001009008","n43001009009"],"choice":"{{gender:everyone|every man}}","alternatives":["every person"],"reason":"Inclusive default; Traditional one tap away.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001009008","n43001009009"],"choice":"{{gender:todo ser humano|todo hombre}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 4.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001009007"],"choice":"éclaire","alternatives":["illumine"],"reason":"French \"éclairer\" is both the literal sense and the plain word, so every level uses it, Literal included; \"illuminer\" leans toward sudden insight, the problem the English \"enlightens\" has.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001009008","n43001009009"],"choice":"{{gender:tout être humain|tout homme}}","alternatives":["chacun"],"reason":"As in verse 4. Readable says \"tous les humains\" to avoid \"tout le monde ... dans le monde\", where \"monde\" would carry two senses.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001009006","n43001009007"],"choice":"inayomwangazia: the light keeps its own agreement","alternatives":["anayemwangazia"],"reason":"The English Balanced and Readable say \"who gives light\". In Swahili the verb must agree with \"nuru\" (i-), and a personal \"anaye-\" with \"nuru\" would read as an error. The person comes into view in verse 10, where the verbs turn personal (alikuwa, haukumtambua).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001009005"],"choice":"\"참 빛\"","alternatives":["\"진리의 빛\"","\"진짜 빛\""],"reason":"The style guide keeps \"진리\" for the noun truth and uses \"참\" for the adjective \"true\", so \"참 빛\" (the real, genuine light) is not confused with \"light of truth\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001009013"],"choice":"\"thế gian\" for the world (kosmos), every level","alternatives":["\"thế giới\""],"reason":"\"Thế gian\" is the world of people as well as the created order, the range John's word covers; \"thế giới\" is the physical or political world and is kept for places where only that is meant. \"thật\" is the adjective for true (\"ánh sáng thật\").","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.10.s1","refs":["JHN.1.10"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001010001","n43001010002","n43001010003","n43001010004","n43001010005","n43001010006","n43001010007","n43001010008","n43001010009","n43001010010","n43001010011","n43001010012","n43001010013","n43001010014","n43001010015","n43001010016"],"text":"Ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω."},"literal_gloss":"In the world he was, and the world through him came into being, and the world him did not know.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He was in the world, and though the world came into being through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, the world did not recognize {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","L":"In the world {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was, and the world came into being through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, and the world did not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","R":"He was in the world. The world was made through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, but the world did not recognize {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}."},"es":{"B":"Estaba en el mundo, y aunque el mundo llegó a existir por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, el mundo no lo reconoció.","L":"En el mundo estaba, y el mundo llegó a existir por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, y el mundo no lo conoció.","R":"Él estaba en el mundo. El mundo fue hecho por medio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, pero el mundo no lo reconoció."},"fr":{"B":"Il était dans le monde, et, bien que le monde soit venu à l’existence par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, le monde ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} reconnut pas.","L":"Dans le monde {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} était, et le monde vint à l’existence par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, et le monde ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} connut pas.","R":"Il était dans le monde. Le monde a commencé à exister par {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, mais le monde ne {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}a pas reconnu."},"ko":{"B":"그분은 세상에 계셨다. 세상이 그분을 통해 생겨났는데도, 세상은 그분을 알아보지 못했다.","L":"세상에 그분이 계셨고, 세상이 그분을 통하여 생겨났고, 세상은 그분을 알지 못했다.","R":"그분은 세상에 계셨다. 세상은 그분을 통해 만들어졌다. 그런데도 세상은 그분을 알아보지 못했다."},"sw":{"B":"Alikuwa ulimwenguni, na ingawa ulimwengu ulikuja kuwako kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}, ulimwengu haukumtambua.","L":"Ulimwenguni alikuwako, na ulimwengu ulikuja kuwako kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}, na ulimwengu haukumjua.","R":"Yeye alikuwa ulimwenguni. Ulimwengu uliumbwa kupitia {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}}, lakini ulimwengu haukumtambua."},"vi":{"B":"Ngài ở trong thế gian, và dù thế gian đã thành hình qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, thế gian lại không nhận biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","L":"Ngài đã ở trong thế gian, và thế gian đã thành hình qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, và thế gian đã không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","R":"Ngài đã ở trong thế gian. Thế gian được tạo nên qua {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng thế gian không nhận ra {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010004"],"language":"en","target_span":"He was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010001"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010002","n43001010003"],"language":"en","target_span":"the world"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010006","n43001010007"],"language":"en","target_span":"the world"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010010"],"language":"en","target_span":"came into being"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010008","n43001010009"],"language":"en","target_span":"through {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010012","n43001010013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the world"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010015"],"language":"en","target_span":"did not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010016"],"language":"en","target_span":"recognize"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001010014"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001010016"],"choice":"failed to acknowledge who he was","alternatives":["lacked information"],"reason":"γινώσκω here is refusal to recognise, not ignorance.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001010005","n43001010011"],"choice":"the \"and\"s carry irony: the world he made did not know him","alternatives":[],"reason":"John often uses καὶ where the sense is a contrast. Languages that need an explicit contrast should add one.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001010016"],"choice":"did not recognize","alternatives":["did not know"],"reason":"See the meaning decision.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001010005","n43001010011"],"choice":"and though","alternatives":["and ... and"],"reason":"English needs \"though\" to carry the irony.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.11.s1","refs":["JHN.1.11"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001011001","n43001011002","n43001011003","n43001011004","n43001011005","n43001011006","n43001011007","n43001011008","n43001011009","n43001011010"],"text":"εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον."},"literal_gloss":"To his own things he came, and his own people him did not receive.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He came to what was {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own, and {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own people did not receive {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","L":"To {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own [things] {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} came, and {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own [people] did not receive {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","R":"He came to {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own people, but they would not accept {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}."},"es":{"B":"Vino a lo que era suyo, y los suyos no lo recibieron.","L":"A lo suyo vino, y los suyos no lo recibieron.","R":"Vino a su propio pueblo, pero ellos no lo aceptaron."},"fr":{"B":"Il vint chez {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, et les siens ne {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}accueillirent pas.","L":"Chez {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} vint, et les siens ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} reçurent pas.","R":"Il est venu vers {{deity_pronoun:son|Son}} propre peuple, mais ce peuple n’a pas voulu {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}accueillir."},"ko":{"B":"그분이 자기 땅에 오셨지만, 그분의 백성은 그분을 받아들이지 않았다.","L":"그분이 자기 [것]에 오셨고, 자기 [사람들]은 그분을 받아들이지 않았다.","R":"그분은 자기 백성에게 오셨지만, 그들은 그분을 받아들이지 않았다."},"sw":{"B":"Alikuja kwa kilicho {{deity_pronoun:chake|Chake}}, na watu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} wenyewe hawakumpokea.","L":"Alikuja kwa [vilivyo] {{deity_pronoun:vyake|Vyake}}, na [walio] {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} hawakumpokea.","R":"Alikuja kwa watu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}}, lakini wao hawakumkubali."},"vi":{"B":"Ngài đến nơi thuộc về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, và chính dân của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã không tiếp nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","L":"Ngài đã đến [nơi] của riêng mình, và những người của riêng mình đã không tiếp nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","R":"Ngài đến với dân của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng họ không chịu đón nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011004"],"language":"en","target_span":"He came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011001"],"language":"en","target_span":"to"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011002","n43001011003"],"language":"en","target_span":"what was {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011006","n43001011007"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}} own people"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011009"],"language":"en","target_span":"did not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011010"],"language":"en","target_span":"receive"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001011008"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001011003","n43001011007"],"choice":"his own place; his own people (Israel)","alternatives":["his own home"],"reason":"The first is neuter (his own things, his own place); the second is masculine (his own people). Literal shows the difference; Readable may merge them.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001011002","n43001011003","n43001011006","n43001011007"],"choice":"chez lui; les siens","alternatives":["vers les siens ... les siens","dans son propre bien"],"reason":"French can keep the Greek distinction: \"chez lui\" is his own place (the neuter), \"les siens\" his own people (the masculine). Readable merges them as the meaning decision allows. \"Les siens\" takes no capital under the deity_pronoun setting: it names the people, not him.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001011003","n43001011007"],"choice":"vilivyo vyake ... walio wake (L); kilicho chake ... watu wake (B)","alternatives":["vyake ... wake"],"reason":"Swahili can use a possessive on its own, but \"alikuja kwa vyake\" is unclear. The class prefixes keep the Greek's two words apart: \"vi-\" for ἴδια (his own things, his own place) and \"wa-\" for ἴδιοι (his own people). Literal brackets the supporting \"vilivyo\", \"walio\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001011003","n43001011007"],"choice":"\"자기 [것]\", \"자기 [사람들]\" (L); \"자기 땅\", \"그분의 백성\" (B)","alternatives":["\"자기 땅\" and \"자기 백성\" in L"],"reason":"Greek says \"his own (things)\" and \"his own (people)\" with no noun; Korean needs one, so Literal supplies the most neutral nouns in brackets. Balanced names the place and the people the meaning decision describes.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001011003","n43001011007"],"choice":"\"của riêng mình\" (his own) with the reflexive \"mình\"","alternatives":["\"của riêng {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}\""],"reason":"Vietnamese uses the reflexive \"mình\" for \"his own\" after its subject; it is not a pronoun of respect, so it takes no setting span.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.12.s1","refs":["JHN.1.12","JHN.1.13"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001012001","n43001012002","n43001012003","n43001012004","n43001012005","n43001012006","n43001012007","n43001012008","n43001012009","n43001012010","n43001012011","n43001012012","n43001012013","n43001012014","n43001012015","n43001012016","n43001013001","n43001013002","n43001013003","n43001013004","n43001013005","n43001013006","n43001013007","n43001013008","n43001013009","n43001013010","n43001013011","n43001013012","n43001013013","n43001013014","n43001013015","n43001013016"],"text":"ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, οἳ οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ’ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐγεννήθησαν."},"literal_gloss":"But as many as received him, he gave to them authority children of God to become, to the ones believing in his name, \\v 13 who not from bloods nor from will of flesh nor from will of a husband but from God were born.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"But to all who received {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, who believed in {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} name, {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} gave the right to become children of God— \\v 13 children born not of blood, nor of human desire, nor of a husband's will, but born of God.","L":"But as many as received {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} gave them authority to become children of God, to those believing in {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} name, \\v 13 who were born not of bloods, nor of [the] will of [the] flesh, nor of [the] will of a husband, but of God.","R":"But some did accept {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} and believe in {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. To them {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} gave the right to become God's children. \\v 13 They became {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} children not by natural birth, not by human choice, not by a husband's decision, but because God gave them new birth."},"es":{"B":"Pero a todos los que lo recibieron, a los que creen en su nombre, les dio el derecho de llegar a ser hijos de Dios. \\v 13 Estos no nacieron de sangre, ni por deseo humano, ni por voluntad de un esposo, sino que nacieron de Dios.","L":"Pero a cuantos lo recibieron, les dio autoridad de llegar a ser hijos de Dios, a los que creen en su nombre, \\v 13 los cuales no nacieron de sangres, ni de voluntad de carne, ni de voluntad de varón, sino de Dios.","R":"Pero a los que sí lo aceptaron y creyeron en {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, les dio el derecho de ser hijos de Dios. \\v 13 Llegaron a ser sus hijos no por nacimiento natural, ni por decisión humana, ni por decisión de un esposo, sino porque Dios los hizo nacer."},"fr":{"B":"Mais à tous ceux qui {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}accueillirent, à ceux qui croient en {{deity_pronoun:son|Son}} nom, {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} donna le droit de devenir enfants de Dieu, \\v 13 des enfants qui ne sont nés ni du sang, ni d’un désir humain, ni de la volonté d’un mari, mais qui sont nés de Dieu.","L":"Mais à tous ceux qui {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} reçurent, {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} donna l’autorité de devenir enfants de Dieu, à ceux qui croient en {{deity_pronoun:son|Son}} nom, \\v 13 qui naquirent non des sangs, ni de [la] volonté de [la] chair, ni de [la] volonté d’un mari, mais de Dieu.","R":"Mais certains {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}ont accueilli et ont cru en {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}. À ceux-là, {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} a donné le droit de devenir enfants de Dieu. \\v 13 Ils sont devenus {{deity_pronoun:ses|Ses}} enfants, non par une naissance naturelle, ni par une décision humaine, ni par la décision d’un mari, mais parce que c’est Dieu qui les a fait naître."},"ko":{"B":"그러나 그분을 받아들인 사람들, 곧 그분의 이름을 믿는 사람들에게는 하나님의 자녀가 될 권리를 주셨다. \\v 13 이 자녀들은 혈통이나 사람의 욕망이나 남편의 뜻으로 태어난 것이 아니라, 하나님께로부터 태어났다.","L":"그러나 그분을 받아들인 사람들 모두에게, 그분은 하나님의 자녀가 될 권한을 주셨다. 곧 그분의 이름을 믿는 사람들에게 [주셨다]. \\v 13 그들은 피들에서도, 육의 뜻에서도, 남편의 뜻에서도 나지 않고, 하나님께로부터 났다.","R":"그러나 그분을 받아들이고 믿은 사람들도 있었다. 그분은 그들에게 하나님의 자녀가 될 권리를 주셨다. \\v 13 그들이 하나님의 자녀가 된 것은 사람의 몸으로 태어났기 때문도, 사람이 원해서도, 남편이 결정해서도 아니었다. 하나님께서 그들을 새로 태어나게 하셨기 때문이다."},"sw":{"B":"Lakini wote waliompokea, wale wanaoliamini jina {{deity_pronoun:lake|Lake}}, aliwapa mamlaka ya kuwa watoto wa Mungu. \\v 13 Hawa hawakuzaliwa kwa damu, wala kwa tamaa ya kibinadamu, wala kwa mapenzi ya mume, bali walizaliwa na Mungu.","L":"Lakini wote waliompokea, aliwapa mamlaka ya kuwa watoto wa Mungu, wale wanaoamini katika jina {{deity_pronoun:lake|Lake}}, \\v 13 ambao hawakuzaliwa kutokana na damu, wala kutokana na mapenzi ya mwili, wala kutokana na mapenzi ya mume, bali kutokana na Mungu.","R":"Lakini wengine walimpokea na kumwamini. Hao aliwapa uwezo wa kuwa watoto wa Mungu. \\v 13 Hawakuwa watoto {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} kwa kuzaliwa kimwili, wala kwa uamuzi wa binadamu, wala kwa uamuzi wa mume, bali kwa sababu Mungu ndiye aliyewazaa."},"vi":{"B":"Nhưng hễ ai tiếp nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, tức là những người tin vào danh {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, thì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ban cho quyền trở nên con cái Đức Chúa Trời— \\v 13 là những người con được sinh ra không bởi huyết thống, không bởi ham muốn của con người, cũng không bởi ý muốn của người chồng, nhưng được sinh ra bởi Đức Chúa Trời.","L":"Nhưng hễ ai đã tiếp nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, thì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ban cho họ quyền trở nên con cái Đức Chúa Trời, [tức là] cho những người tin vào danh {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, \\v 13 là những người đã được sinh ra không phải bởi các dòng máu, cũng không phải bởi ý muốn của xác thịt, cũng không phải bởi ý muốn của người chồng, nhưng bởi Đức Chúa Trời.","R":"Nhưng cũng có những người tiếp nhận {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} và tin vào {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}. Ngài ban cho họ quyền trở nên con cái Đức Chúa Trời. \\v 13 Họ trở thành con cái của Đức Chúa Trời không phải do sinh ra theo lẽ tự nhiên, không phải do con người quyết định, cũng không phải do ý người chồng, mà vì chính Đức Chúa Trời đã cho họ được sinh ra."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012002"],"language":"en","target_span":"But"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012001","n43001012006"],"language":"en","target_span":"to all who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012003"],"language":"en","target_span":"received"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012004"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012011"],"language":"en","target_span":"who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012012"],"language":"en","target_span":"believed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012013"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012016"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012014","n43001012015"],"language":"en","target_span":"name"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012005"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} gave"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012007"],"language":"en","target_span":"the right"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012010"],"language":"en","target_span":"to become"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012008"],"language":"en","target_span":"children"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001012009"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013001"],"language":"en","target_span":"children"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013016"],"language":"en","target_span":"born"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013002"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013003","n43001013004"],"language":"en","target_span":"of blood"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013005"],"language":"en","target_span":"nor"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013006","n43001013007","n43001013008"],"language":"en","target_span":"of human desire"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013009"],"language":"en","target_span":"nor"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013010"],"language":"en","target_span":"of"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013012"],"language":"en","target_span":"a husband's"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013011"],"language":"en","target_span":"will"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013013"],"language":"en","target_span":"but"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013016"],"language":"en","target_span":"born"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001013014","n43001013015"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001012007"],"choice":"a granted right or authority","alternatives":["power, ability"],"reason":"The word means a right given, not an ability.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001012008","n43001012009"],"choice":"children of God, of either sex","alternatives":["sons of God"],"reason":"τέκνα is neuter and already inclusive, so the gender setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"idiom","tokens":["n43001012013","n43001012014","n43001012015","n43001012016"],"choice":"believe in him","alternatives":[],"reason":"In Hebrew thought a name stands for the person.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012008"],"choice":"hijos de Dios, no setting","alternatives":["hijos e hijas"],"reason":"Spanish \"hijos\" is the ordinary word for children of both sexes. Adding \"e hijas\" would add words the Greek does not have.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"idiom","tokens":["n43001013004"],"choice":"physical descent","alternatives":["bloods"],"reason":"The plural is an idiom for physical descent. Being born a Jew does not make someone God's child.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m5","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001013007","n43001013008"],"choice":"ordinary human desire","alternatives":["sinful nature"],"reason":"σάρξ here means ordinary human nature, not sinful nature as in Paul.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m6","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001013012"],"choice":"a husband","alternatives":["a person"],"reason":"ἀνήρ is male; in a sentence about conception it means the husband. The gender setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m7","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001013001","n43001013016"],"choice":"plural: believers were born","alternatives":["singular \"who was born\", referring to Christ"],"reason":"The singular has only weak, mainly Latin, support. We follow the Greek manuscripts; a footnote names the variant because it changes who is meant.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001013012"],"choice":"varón (L); un esposo (B, R)","alternatives":["hombre"],"reason":"Spanish has a word for male, \"varón\", which Literal uses to keep the distinction. Balanced and Readable follow the meaning decision.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012007"],"choice":"l’autorité (L); le droit (B, R)","alternatives":["le pouvoir"],"reason":"French \"le pouvoir de\" usually means the ability to do something; the meaning decision says a right is granted, not an ability.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001013012"],"choice":"un mari","alternatives":["un homme"],"reason":"French has no ordinary word for \"male\" that Literal could use like the Spanish \"varón\", and \"un homme\" would be read as \"a human being\". \"Un mari\" says what the meaning decision says at every level.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012007"],"choice":"mamlaka (L, B); uwezo (R)","alternatives":["haki"],"reason":"\"Haki\" is the usual word for a right, but it is the settled word for righteousness, so it is kept for that. \"Mamlaka\" (authority) says a granted right; Readable says \"uwezo\" (the power, the means) as simpler Swahili.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001013014","n43001013015","n43001013016"],"choice":"Mungu ndiye aliyewazaa","alternatives":["Mungu aliwapa kuzaliwa upya"],"reason":"The English Readable says \"God gave them new birth\". \"Ndiye aliyewazaa\" (it is God who gave them birth) is the plain Swahili for the same thing and keeps the contrast with the three ways they were not born.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012007"],"choice":"\"권한\" (L); \"권리\" (B, R)","alternatives":["\"권세\"","\"자격\""],"reason":"The meaning decision reads a granted right or authority. \"권한\" keeps the sense of authority given by someone; \"권리\" (right) is the plainer modern word. \"권세\" sounds like political power.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001013004"],"choice":"\"피들\" (L); \"혈통\" (B); \"사람의 몸으로 태어나다\" (R)","alternatives":["\"피\" (singular) in L"],"reason":"Literal keeps the Greek plural \"bloods\" with \"피들\", which is unusual in Korean but grammatical and shows the reader what the Greek says; Balanced gives the sense, physical descent.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012012","n43001012013"],"choice":"\"tin\"; \"tin vào\" for the construction with eis (key term)","alternatives":["\"đức tin\" (the noun)","\"tin cậy\""],"reason":"John always uses the verb, so Vietnamese keeps the verb \"tin\" at every level, Readable included; \"tin vào\" renders believing into someone. \"danh\" is the word for a name when it stands for the person, as here.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001012008","n43001012009"],"choice":"\"con cái Đức Chúa Trời\"","alternatives":["\"con trai\""],"reason":"\"con cái\" means children of either sex, so no gender setting is needed.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.14.s1","refs":["JHN.1.14"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001014001","n43001014002","n43001014003","n43001014004","n43001014005","n43001014006","n43001014007","n43001014008","n43001014009","n43001014010","n43001014011","n43001014012","n43001014013","n43001014014","n43001014015","n43001014016","n43001014017","n43001014018","n43001014019","n43001014020","n43001014021","n43001014022","n43001014023"],"text":"Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας·"},"literal_gloss":"And the word flesh became and pitched his tent among us, and we beheld his glory, glory as of an only one from a father, full of grace and truth.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The Word became flesh and made {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} home among us. We have seen {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} glory, the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.","L":"And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us, and we beheld {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} glory, glory as of [the] one and only [Son] from [the] Father, full of grace and truth.","R":"The Word became a human being and lived among us. We saw {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} glory, the glory of the Father's one and only Son, full of grace and truth."},"es":{"B":"El Verbo se hizo carne e hizo su morada entre nosotros. Hemos visto su gloria, la gloria del Hijo único que viene del Padre, lleno de gracia y de verdad.","L":"Y el Verbo se hizo carne y acampó entre nosotros, y contemplamos su gloria, gloria como del unigénito del Padre, lleno de gracia y de verdad.","R":"El Verbo se hizo hombre y vivió entre nosotros. Vimos su gloria, la gloria del Hijo único del Padre, lleno de gracia y de verdad."},"fr":{"B":"Le Verbe devint chair et établit {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} demeure parmi nous. Nous avons contemplé {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} gloire, la gloire du Fils unique venu d’auprès du Père, plein de grâce et de vérité.","L":"Et le Verbe devint chair et dressa {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} tente parmi nous, et nous avons contemplé {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} gloire, gloire comme [celle] du [Fils] unique [venu] d’auprès du Père, plein de grâce et de vérité.","R":"Le Verbe est devenu un être humain et {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} a vécu parmi nous. Nous avons vu {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} gloire, la gloire du Fils unique du Père, plein de grâce et de vérité."},"ko":{"B":"말씀이 육신이 되셔서 우리 가운데 거처를 정하셨다. 우리는 그분의 영광을 보았다. 그것은 아버지께로부터 오신 유일한 아들의 영광이었고, 그분은 은혜와 진리로 가득하셨다.","L":"그리고 말씀이 육신이 되셔서 우리 가운데 장막을 치셨고, 우리는 그분의 영광을 보았는데, 아버지께로부터 [온] 유일한 [아들]의 영광 같은 영광이었으며, [그분은] 은혜와 진리로 가득하셨다.","R":"말씀이 사람이 되셔서 우리와 함께 사셨다. 우리는 그분의 영광을 보았다. 그것은 아버지의 하나뿐인 아들의 영광이었다. 그분은 은혜와 진리로 가득하셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Neno akawa mwili, akafanya makao {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}} kati yetu. Tumeuona utukufu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}}, utukufu wa Mwana wa pekee aliyetoka kwa Baba, akiwa amejaa neema na kweli.","L":"Na Neno akawa mwili, akapiga hema kati yetu, na tukautazama utukufu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}}, utukufu kama wa [Mwana] wa pekee kutoka kwa Baba, amejaa neema na kweli.","R":"Neno akawa binadamu, akaishi pamoja nasi. Tuliuona utukufu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}}, utukufu wa Mwana wa pekee wa Baba, aliyejaa neema na kweli."},"vi":{"B":"Ngôi Lời đã trở nên xác thịt và cư ngụ giữa chúng tôi. Chúng tôi đã thấy vinh quang {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, vinh quang của Con độc nhất đến từ Cha, đầy ân điển và chân lý.","L":"Và Ngôi Lời đã trở nên xác thịt và đã dựng lều giữa chúng tôi, và chúng tôi đã chiêm ngưỡng vinh quang {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, vinh quang như của [Con] độc nhất từ nơi Cha, đầy ân điển và chân lý.","R":"Ngôi Lời đã trở thành một con người và sống giữa chúng tôi. Chúng tôi đã thấy vinh quang {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, là vinh quang của Con duy nhất của Cha, đầy ân điển và chân lý."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014002","n43001014003"],"language":"en","target_span":"The Word"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014005"],"language":"en","target_span":"became"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014004"],"language":"en","target_span":"flesh"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014006"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014007"],"language":"en","target_span":"made {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} home"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014008","n43001014009"],"language":"en","target_span":"among us"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014011"],"language":"en","target_span":"We have seen"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014014"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014012","n43001014013"],"language":"en","target_span":"glory"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014015"],"language":"en","target_span":"the glory"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014017"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one and only Son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014018"],"language":"en","target_span":"from"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014019"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Father"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014020"],"language":"en","target_span":"full"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014021"],"language":"en","target_span":"of grace"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014022"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001014023"],"language":"en","target_span":"truth"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001014004","n43001014005"],"choice":"became fully, physically human","alternatives":["took on the appearance of a body"],"reason":"The phrase is deliberately blunt: the eternal Word became fully human. Literal and Balanced keep the original image; Readable may say what it means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"lived among us as God's glory lived in the tabernacle","alternatives":["simply lived"],"reason":"The verb means to live in a tent and recalls the tabernacle, where God's glory dwelt among Israel (Exodus 25:8; 40:34). The next words, about seeing his glory, complete the picture.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001014011"],"choice":"an eyewitness claim","alternatives":[],"reason":"We looked at him ourselves (compare 1 John 1:1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001014017"],"choice":"unique, one of a kind","alternatives":["only begotten"],"reason":"μονογενής is built from μόνος (only) and γένος (kind), not from γεννάω (beget); Hebrews 11:17 uses it of Isaac, who was not Abraham's only son. \"Only begotten\" came through the Latin unigenitus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m5","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001014020","n43001014021","n43001014022","n43001014023"],"choice":"full of grace and truth (key term: grace)","alternatives":["full of unfailing love and faithfulness"],"reason":"Probably echoes God's self-description in Exodus 34:6, abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness (Hebrew hesed and emet). \"Grace\" stays a key term; the note gives the Exodus link.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001014017"],"choice":"Son","alternatives":["no noun (Literal)"],"reason":"Greek leaves the noun unstated, but \"from the Father\" and John 3:16, 18 make \"Son\" clear.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"acampó (L); hizo su morada (B); vivió (R)","alternatives":["habitó"],"reason":"\"Acampó\" keeps the tent image for Literal; \"morada\" recalls the dwelling of God's glory.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014004","n43001014005"],"choice":"se hizo hombre","alternatives":["se hizo ser humano"],"reason":"Jesus is a specific man, so the gender rule does not apply; \"se hizo hombre\" is also the phrase of the Nicene Creed in Spanish.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014017"],"choice":"unigénito (L); Hijo único (B, R)","alternatives":["unigénito at every level"],"reason":"In today's Spanish \"unigénito\" just means an only child, so Literal may use it. Balanced and Readable avoid it because \"-génito\" suggests \"begotten\", the reading the meaning decision rejects.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"dressa sa tente (L); établit sa demeure (B); a vécu (R)","alternatives":["habita"],"reason":"\"Dresser sa tente\" keeps the tent image of the verb for Literal; \"demeure\" recalls the dwelling of God’s glory in the tabernacle, which the footnote explains. Readable says plainly what it means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014017"],"choice":"le Fils unique, with \"[Fils]\" bracketed at Literal","alternatives":["l’unique engendré","le Fils unique engendré","le monogène"],"reason":"\"Engendré\" says \"begotten\", the reading the meaning decision rejects, and \"monogène\" is not French. \"Unique\" alone cannot stand as a noun in a natural sentence here, so Literal also supplies \"Fils\" in brackets, as the English Literal supplies \"Son\". \"D’auprès du Père\" (L, B) echoes \"auprès de Dieu\" in verse 1.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-3","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001014011"],"choice":"nous avons contemplé, after \"devint\" and \"dressa\"/\"établit\"","alternatives":["nous contemplâmes"],"reason":"The narration is in the passé simple, but here the writer speaks as an eyewitness in the first person, and French uses the passé composé for that; \"nous contemplâmes\" would sound archaic even at Literal.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"akapiga hema (L); akafanya makao yake (B); akaishi (R)","alternatives":["akakaa"],"reason":"Literal keeps the picture of pitching a tent, which points to the tabernacle; Balanced says he made his dwelling among us; Readable says simply that he lived with us.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014004"],"choice":"binadamu","alternatives":["mwili"],"reason":"\"Akawa mwili\" (became flesh) can read in Swahili as \"became a body\". Readable says \"binadamu\" (a human being), as the English Readable says \"a human being\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-3","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014021","n43001014023"],"choice":"neema; kweli (key terms)","alternatives":["ukweli"],"reason":"\"Neema\" is grace at every level. For truth, \"kweli\" is the older noun and still standard, and it is also the adjective \"true\" in verse 9 (nuru ya kweli), keeping John's link between them. \"Ukweli\" is the everyday modern noun; a native reviewer may prefer it, at least at Readable.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014017"],"choice":"\"유일한 [아들]\" (L); \"유일한 아들\" (B); \"하나뿐인 아들\" (R)","alternatives":["\"독생자\""],"reason":"The meaning decision reads the word as unique, one of a kind, not as \"only-begotten\". \"독생자\" (only-begotten son), the familiar older word, stresses begetting; \"유일한\" and \"하나뿐인\" say unique in current Korean.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"\"장막을 치셨다\" (L); \"거처를 정하셨다\" (B); \"함께 사셨다\" (R)","alternatives":["\"거하셨다\" at every level"],"reason":"Literal keeps the tent picture so the tabernacle allusion stays visible; Balanced says he took up his dwelling; Readable says plainly that he lived with us. \"은혜\" and \"진리\" are key terms and stay the same at every level.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014021","n43001014023","n43001014013","n43001014015"],"choice":"key terms: \"ân điển\" (grace), \"chân lý\" (truth), \"vinh quang\" (glory), the same at every level","alternatives":["\"ơn\", \"ơn phước\" for grace","\"sự thật\" for truth"],"reason":"Key terms keep one Vietnamese word through the book so readers can follow them. \"sự thật\" is kept for a plain fact; \"chân lý\" is truth as God's reality.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014009","n43001014011"],"choice":"exclusive \"chúng tôi\" (we, not including the reader) for the eyewitnesses","alternatives":["inclusive \"chúng ta\""],"reason":"Vietnamese must choose between \"we\" with or without the hearer. The meaning decision reads \"we beheld\" as an eyewitness claim, so \"chúng tôi\"; \"among us\" follows it. In 1:16 \"we all received\" includes every believer and is \"chúng ta\".","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-3","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001014007"],"choice":"\"dựng lều\" (pitched a tent) at L; \"cư ngụ\" (B), \"sống\" (R)","alternatives":["\"ở\" at every level"],"reason":"Literal keeps the picture of the tent that the allusion to the tabernacle rests on.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.15.s1","refs":["JHN.1.15"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001015001","n43001015002","n43001015003","n43001015004","n43001015005","n43001015006","n43001015007","n43001015008","n43001015009","n43001015010","n43001015011","n43001015012","n43001015013","n43001015014","n43001015015","n43001015016","n43001015017","n43001015018","n43001015019","n43001015020","n43001015021","n43001015022"],"text":"Ἰωάννης μαρτυρεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ κέκραγεν λέγων· Οὗτος ἦν ὃν εἶπον· Ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν·"},"literal_gloss":"John testifies about him and has cried out saying, \"This was he whom I said: 'The one after me coming ahead of me has become, because first of me he was.'\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"John testified about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} and cried out, \"This is the one I meant when I said, 'He who comes after me ranks ahead of me, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed before me.'\"","L":"John testifies about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} and has cried out, saying, \"This was {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} of whom I said, 'The one coming after me has come to be ahead of me, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was before me.'\"","R":"John told people about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. He shouted, \"This is the one I was talking about! I said, 'Someone is coming after me who is greater than I am, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed before me.'\""},"es":{"B":"Juan dio testimonio de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} y exclamó: «Este es aquel de quien yo dije: “El que viene después de mí es superior a mí, porque existía antes que yo”».","L":"Juan da testimonio acerca de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} y ha clamado diciendo: «Este era aquel de quien dije: “El que viene después de mí ha llegado a estar delante de mí, porque era antes que yo”».","R":"Juan habló de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} a la gente. Gritó: «¡Este es de quien yo hablaba! Dije: “Viene alguien después de mí que es más importante que yo, porque existía antes que yo”»."},"fr":{"B":"Jean rendit témoignage de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} et s’écria : « C’est de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} que je parlais quand j’ai dit : “Celui qui vient après moi est placé au-dessus de moi, car {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} existait avant moi.” »","L":"Jean rend témoignage de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} et a crié en disant : « Celui-ci était celui dont j’ai dit : “Celui qui vient après moi est passé devant moi, parce qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} était avant moi.” »","R":"Jean a parlé de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} aux gens. Il a crié : « C’est de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} que je parlais ! J’ai dit : “Quelqu’un vient après moi, et {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} est plus grand que moi, parce qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} existait avant moi.” »"},"ko":{"B":"요한은 그분에 대하여 증언하며 외쳤다. \"이분이 바로 내가 말한 분이다. '내 뒤에 오시는 분이 나보다 앞서신다. 그분은 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다.'\"","L":"요한이 그분에 대하여 증언하고, 외치며 말한다. \"이분이 내가 말한 그분이었다. '내 뒤에 오시는 분이 나보다 앞서게 되셨다. 그분이 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다.'\"","R":"요한은 사람들에게 그분에 대해 알렸다. 그는 큰 소리로 외쳤다. \"내가 말하던 분이 바로 이분이다! 나는 '내 뒤에 오시는 분은 나보다 더 크신 분이다. 그분은 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다' 하고 말했다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Yohana alishuhudia habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}, akapaza sauti, \"Huyu ndiye niliyesema habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}: 'Anayekuja baada yangu ni mkuu kuliko mimi, kwa sababu alikuwako kabla yangu.'\"","L":"Yohana anashuhudia habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}, naye amepaza sauti akisema, \"Huyu alikuwa ndiye niliyesema habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}: 'Anayekuja nyuma yangu amekuwa mbele yangu, kwa sababu alikuwa kabla yangu.'\"","R":"Yohana aliwaambia watu habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}. Alipaza sauti, \"Huyu ndiye niliyekuwa nikimzungumzia! Nilisema, 'Anakuja mtu baada yangu aliye mkuu kuliko mimi, kwa sababu alikuwepo kabla yangu.'\""},"vi":{"B":"Giăng đã làm chứng về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} và kêu lớn: \"Đây là Đấng tôi muốn nói khi bảo rằng: 'Đấng đến sau tôi thì cao trọng hơn tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã hiện hữu trước tôi.'\"","L":"Giăng làm chứng về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} và đã kêu lên rằng: \"Đây là Đấng mà tôi đã nói đến: 'Đấng đến sau tôi đã vượt lên trước tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã có trước tôi.'\"","R":"Giăng nói cho mọi người biết về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}. Ông kêu lớn: \"Đây là Đấng tôi đã nói đến! Tôi đã nói: 'Có một Đấng đến sau tôi nhưng lớn hơn tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã có trước tôi.'\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015001"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015002"],"language":"en","target_span":"testified"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015003","n43001015004"],"language":"en","target_span":"about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015006"],"language":"en","target_span":"cried out"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015008"],"language":"en","target_span":"This"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015009"],"language":"en","target_span":"is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015010"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015011"],"language":"en","target_span":"I said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015012","n43001015015"],"language":"en","target_span":"He who comes"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015013","n43001015014"],"language":"en","target_span":"after me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015016","n43001015017","n43001015018"],"language":"en","target_span":"ranks ahead of me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015019"],"language":"en","target_span":"because"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015022"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001015020","n43001015021"],"language":"en","target_span":"before me"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001015016","n43001015017","n43001015018"],"choice":"ranks ahead of me","alternatives":["came before me in time"],"reason":"\"Ahead\" here means rank, not time.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001015020","n43001015021","n43001015022"],"choice":"he existed before me","alternatives":["he was my superior"],"reason":"John the Baptist was born before Jesus (Luke 1). The claim is that Jesus existed before John, which picks up verses 1-2.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001015002","n43001015006"],"choice":"past tense","alternatives":["present and perfect (Literal)"],"reason":"The present and perfect present John's testimony as still standing; English narrative needs the past.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":[],"choice":"« » outside, “ ” inside","alternatives":["English-style quotes"],"reason":"Standard Spanish typography for a quotation within a quotation.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001015007","n43001015011"],"choice":"« » outside, “ ” inside, with the French spacing","alternatives":["English-style quotes"],"reason":"Standard French typography: a no-break space inside « » and before a colon, a narrow one before ! and ?, and “ ” for a quotation within a quotation.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001015016","n43001015017","n43001015018"],"choice":"est placé au-dessus de moi (B); est plus grand que moi (R)","alternatives":["m’a précédé","est passé devant moi"],"reason":"The meaning decision reads rank, not time; \"précéder\" would suggest time. Literal keeps the spatial \"est passé devant moi\", which can be read either way, as the Greek can.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001015010","n43001015011"],"choice":"niliyesema habari zake","alternatives":["niliyemsema"],"reason":"\"Kumsema mtu\" means to speak against someone. \"Kusema habari za\" (to speak about) is the neutral Swahili.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001015007"],"choice":"John speaks to the crowd in 해라체 (\"이분이다\"), with honorifics for Jesus (\"오시는 분\", \"계셨기\")","alternatives":["합쇼체 (\"이분입니다\")"],"reason":"John speaks publicly as a prophet to the people, so the plain style suits him; he speaks of Jesus with the honorific -시- and \"분\", which shows his respect without changing his speech level.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001015002"],"choice":"historic present \"말한다\" (L); past (B, R), through this passage","alternatives":["past tense at every level"],"reason":"Korean narrative can use the present for vividness, so Literal keeps John's present tense where the Greek has it (\"증언하고 ... 말한다\"); Balanced and Readable tell the story in the past.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001015002"],"choice":"historic present kept at L by leaving out \"đã\" (\"Giăng làm chứng\")","alternatives":["\"đã làm chứng\" at every level"],"reason":"Vietnamese marks time with optional words rather than verb endings; Literal leaves out \"đã\" where the Greek tells a past event in the present, and Balanced and Readable add it where the sense needs it. This holds for the passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.16.s1","refs":["JHN.1.16"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001016001","n43001016002","n43001016003","n43001016004","n43001016005","n43001016006","n43001016007","n43001016008","n43001016009","n43001016010","n43001016011","n43001016012"],"text":"ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν, καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος·"},"literal_gloss":"Because from his fullness we all received, and grace for grace.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"From {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} fullness we have all received grace upon grace.","L":"Because from {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} fullness we all received, even grace for grace.","R":"Out of {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} fullness we have all received one gift of grace after another."},"es":{"B":"De su plenitud todos hemos recibido gracia sobre gracia.","L":"Porque de su plenitud todos nosotros recibimos, y gracia por gracia.","R":"De su plenitud todos hemos recibido un regalo de gracia tras otro."},"fr":{"B":"De {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} plénitude, nous avons tous reçu grâce sur grâce.","L":"Car de {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} plénitude nous tous avons reçu, et [cela] grâce pour grâce.","R":"Il est plein de grâce, et nous avons tous reçu de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} une grâce après l’autre."},"ko":{"B":"우리는 모두 그분의 충만함에서 은혜에 은혜를 더하여 받았다.","L":"그분의 충만함에서 우리 모두가 받았기 때문이다. 곧 은혜를 대신하여 은혜를 [받았다].","R":"그분은 넘치도록 가득하셔서, 우리는 모두 은혜의 선물을 하나 또 하나 계속해서 받았다."},"sw":{"B":"Kutoka katika utimilifu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} sisi sote tumepokea neema juu ya neema.","L":"Kwa sababu kutoka katika utimilifu {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} sisi sote tulipokea, hata neema kwa neema.","R":"Kutoka katika wingi {{deity_pronoun:wake|Wake}} sote tumepokea zawadi moja ya neema baada ya nyingine."},"vi":{"B":"Từ sự đầy trọn của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, tất cả chúng ta đã nhận được hết ân điển này đến ân điển khác.","L":"Vì từ sự đầy trọn của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, tất cả chúng ta đã nhận lãnh, cả ân điển thay cho ân điển.","R":"Từ sự giàu có vô tận của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, tất cả chúng ta đã nhận được hết món quà ân điển này đến món quà ân điển khác."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016002"],"language":"en","target_span":"From"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016005"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016003","n43001016004"],"language":"en","target_span":"fullness"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016006"],"language":"en","target_span":"we"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016008"],"language":"en","target_span":"have"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016007"],"language":"en","target_span":"all"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016008"],"language":"en","target_span":"received"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016010"],"language":"en","target_span":"grace"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016011"],"language":"en","target_span":"upon"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001016012"],"language":"en","target_span":"grace"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001016010","n43001016011","n43001016012"],"choice":"grace upon grace: one gift following another","alternatives":["grace in place of grace: the grace in Christ replacing the grace given through the law"],"reason":"ἀντί usually means \"in place of\", which supports the alternative and fits verse 17. We chose accumulation because verse 17 does not call the law grace. Literal may keep the open \"grace for grace\": a level may keep an ambiguity the original has, but may not pick the other side.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001016001"],"choice":"because (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["and (Byzantine)"],"reason":"No change of meaning, so no footnote.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001016004","n43001016005"],"choice":"Il est plein de grâce","alternatives":["de sa plénitude"],"reason":"\"Plénitude\" is hard for young readers. Readable says what the fullness is by picking up \"plein de grâce\" from verse 14, and \"une grâce après l’autre\" keeps the meaning decision: one gift following another.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001016004","n43001016011"],"choice":"utimilifu (L, B); wingi (R); kwa (L); juu ya (B)","alternatives":["ukamilifu","badala ya (L)"],"reason":"\"Utimilifu\" is fullness; \"ukamilifu\" means perfection, which is not the point. Readable says \"wingi\" (abundance) as the plainer word. Literal translates ἀντὶ word for word as \"kwa\" (for). Like \"grace for grace\", \"neema kwa neema\" can be read as one gift on another or as one gift in place of another, so it keeps the ambiguity the meaning decision leaves open. \"Badala ya\" (in place of) would pick the alternative reading. Balanced gives the sense in the meaning note, one gift on top of another.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001016010","n43001016011","n43001016012"],"choice":"\"은혜를 대신하여 은혜를\" (L); \"은혜에 은혜를 더하여\" (B); \"은혜의 선물을 하나 또 하나\" (R)","alternatives":["\"은혜 위에 은혜\""],"reason":"Literal keeps the preposition's basic sense \"in place of\"; Balanced and Readable give the sense the meaning decision prefers, one gift following another. \"은혜\" is the key term at every level.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001016006","n43001016007"],"choice":"inclusive \"chúng ta\" (we all, the reader included)","alternatives":["exclusive \"chúng tôi\" as in 1:14"],"reason":"\"We all received\" takes in every believer, readers too, so Vietnamese uses the inclusive pronoun here though 1:14 has the eyewitnesses' \"chúng tôi\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.17.s1","refs":["JHN.1.17"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001017001","n43001017002","n43001017003","n43001017004","n43001017005","n43001017006","n43001017007","n43001017008","n43001017009","n43001017010","n43001017011","n43001017012","n43001017013","n43001017014","n43001017015"],"text":"ὅτι ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο."},"literal_gloss":"Because the law through Moses was given; the grace and the truth through Jesus Christ came.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus {{christos:Christ|the Messiah}}.","L":"Because the law was given through Moses; the grace and the truth came through Jesus {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}.","R":"God gave the law through Moses. Grace and truth came through Jesus {{christos:Christ|the Messiah}}."},"es":{"B":"Porque la ley fue dada por medio de Moisés; la gracia y la verdad vinieron por medio de {{christos:Jesucristo|Jesús, el Mesías}}.","L":"Porque la ley fue dada por medio de Moisés; la gracia y la verdad vinieron por medio de {{christos:Jesucristo|Jesús Mesías}}.","R":"Dios dio la ley por medio de Moisés. La gracia y la verdad vinieron por medio de {{christos:Jesucristo|Jesús, el Mesías}}."},"fr":{"B":"Car la Loi fut donnée par l’intermédiaire de Moïse ; la grâce et la vérité vinrent par Jésus {{christos:Christ|le Messie}}.","L":"Car la Loi fut donnée par l’intermédiaire de Moïse ; la grâce et la vérité vinrent par Jésus {{christos:Christ|Messie}}.","R":"Dieu a donné la Loi par Moïse. La grâce et la vérité sont venues par Jésus {{christos:Christ|le Messie}}."},"ko":{"B":"율법은 모세를 통해 주어졌고, 은혜와 진리는 예수 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}를 통해 왔다.","L":"율법은 모세를 통하여 주어졌고, 은혜와 진리는 예수 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}를 통하여 왔기 때문이다.","R":"하나님께서는 모세를 통해 율법을 주셨다. 은혜와 진리는 예수 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}를 통해 왔다."},"sw":{"B":"Kwa maana sheria ilitolewa kupitia Musa; neema na kweli zilikuja kupitia Yesu {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}.","L":"Kwa sababu sheria ilitolewa kupitia Musa; neema na kweli zilikuja kupitia Yesu {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}.","R":"Mungu alitoa sheria kupitia Musa. Neema na kweli zilikuja kupitia Yesu {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}."},"vi":{"B":"Vì luật pháp được ban qua Môi-se; ân điển và chân lý đến qua Đức Giê-xu {{christos:Christ|Mê-si-a}}.","L":"Vì luật pháp đã được ban qua Môi-se; ân điển và chân lý đã đến qua Đức Giê-xu {{christos:Christ|Mê-si-a}}.","R":"Đức Chúa Trời ban luật pháp qua Môi-se. Ân điển và chân lý đến qua Đức Giê-xu {{christos:Christ|Mê-si-a}}."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017001"],"language":"en","target_span":"For"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017002","n43001017003"],"language":"en","target_span":"the law"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017006"],"language":"en","target_span":"was given"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017004"],"language":"en","target_span":"through"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017005"],"language":"en","target_span":"Moses"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017007","n43001017008"],"language":"en","target_span":"grace"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017009"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017010","n43001017011"],"language":"en","target_span":"truth"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017015"],"language":"en","target_span":"came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017012"],"language":"en","target_span":"through"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017013"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001017014"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{christos:Christ|the Messiah}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001017007","n43001017008"],"choice":"law and grace side by side, not opposed","alternatives":["but grace and truth"],"reason":"John puts the two clauses side by side with no \"but\". The law was given, which is also a gift; a contrast word would set law against grace more sharply than John does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017014"],"choice":"{{christos:Christ|the Messiah}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The first time John's Gospel names Jesus. The word is a title, \"anointed one\" (John 1:41 explains it).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017014"],"choice":"{{christos:Jesucristo|Jesús, el Mesías}}","alternatives":["Jesús Cristo"],"reason":"As in English. Spanish writes the name and title as one word, \"Jesucristo\", so the setting span takes in the name.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001017004","n43001017005"],"choice":"par l’intermédiaire de Moïse","alternatives":["par Moïse"],"reason":"After the passive \"fut donnée\", \"par Moïse\" would make Moses the giver; the Greek says \"through\". Readable makes God the subject, so \"par Moïse\" is clear there.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017013","n43001017014"],"choice":"Jésus {{christos:Christ|le Messie}}","alternatives":["Jésus-Christ"],"reason":"The first time the Gospel names Jesus. \"Christ\" is written without the usual hyphen of \"Jésus-Christ\" so that both options read naturally; the alternative gives the title its meaning.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017014"],"choice":"Yesu {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}","alternatives":["Yesu Kristo"],"reason":"Swahili has no article, so \"Yesu Masihi\" reads as naturally as \"Yesu Kristo\" at every level, where the English needs \"the Messiah\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017014"],"choice":"예수 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}","alternatives":["예수 {{christos:그리스도|그 메시아}}"],"reason":"Korean has no article, so the alternative is plain \"메시아\" where the English has \"the Messiah\". Both words end in a vowel, so the particle \"를\" that follows fits either.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001017013"],"choice":"\"Đức Giê-xu\", with the honorific \"Đức\" unbracketed at every level","alternatives":["\"Giê-xu\"","\"[Đức] Giê-xu\" at L"],"reason":"A revered person's bare name sounds disrespectful in Vietnamese, so \"Đức\" belongs to how the name is said, not to added meaning, and is not bracketed even at Literal. This holds for the whole book.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001017014"],"choice":"Đức Giê-xu {{christos:Christ|Mê-si-a}}","alternatives":["{{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}} after the name"],"reason":"After the name the title works as part of it, so it is written without \"Đấng\"; where it stands alone as a title (1:20) the span is {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.18.s1","refs":["JHN.1.18"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001018001","n43001018002","n43001018003","n43001018004","n43001018005","n43001018006","n43001018007","n43001018008","n43001018009","n43001018010","n43001018011","n43001018012","n43001018013","n43001018014","n43001018015"],"text":"θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε· μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο."},"literal_gloss":"God no one has seen ever; only-one God, the one being into the bosom of the Father, that one has explained.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"No one has ever seen God. The one and only Son, who is {{deity_pronoun:himself|Himself}} God and is close beside the Father, has made {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} known.","L":"No one has ever seen God; [the] one and only God, the one being in the bosom of the Father, that one has made [{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}] known.","R":"No one has ever seen God. But the one and only Son, who is {{deity_pronoun:himself|Himself}} God and is closest to the Father, has shown us what God is like."},"es":{"B":"Nadie ha visto jamás a Dios. El Hijo único, que es {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} mismo Dios y está al lado del Padre, lo ha dado a conocer.","L":"A Dios nadie lo ha visto jamás; [el] unigénito Dios, el que está en el seno del Padre, ese lo ha dado a conocer.","R":"Nadie ha visto jamás a Dios. Pero el Hijo único, que es {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} mismo Dios y está más cerca del Padre que nadie, nos ha mostrado cómo es Dios."},"fr":{"B":"Personne n’a jamais vu Dieu. Le Fils unique, qui est {{deity_pronoun:lui-même|Lui-même}} Dieu et qui vit dans l’intimité du Père, {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}a fait connaître.","L":"Dieu, personne ne {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}a jamais vu ; [l’]Unique, Dieu, celui qui est dans le sein du Père, celui-là [{{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}]a fait connaître.","R":"Personne n’a jamais vu Dieu. Mais le Fils unique, qui est {{deity_pronoun:lui-même|Lui-même}} Dieu et qui est le plus proche du Père, nous a montré à quoi Dieu ressemble."},"ko":{"B":"아무도 하나님을 본 적이 없다. 그분 자신이 하나님이시며 아버지 바로 곁에 계신 유일한 아들, 그분이 하나님을 알려 주셨다.","L":"하나님을 아무도 본 적이 없다. 아버지의 품 안에 계신 유일하신 하나님, 그분이 [하나님을] 알려 주셨다.","R":"아무도 하나님을 본 적이 없다. 그러나 하나님이시며 아버지와 가장 가까이 계신 하나뿐인 아들이, 하나님께서 어떤 분이신지 우리에게 보여 주셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Hakuna mtu aliyewahi kumwona Mungu. Mwana wa pekee, ambaye {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} mwenyewe ni Mungu, na yuko karibu kabisa na Baba, ndiye aliyemtambulisha.","L":"Mungu hakuna aliyewahi kumwona; Mungu wa pekee, aliye kifuani mwa Baba, huyo amemtambulisha.","R":"Hakuna mtu aliyewahi kumwona Mungu. Lakini Mwana wa pekee, ambaye {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} mwenyewe ni Mungu, na aliye karibu zaidi na Baba, ametuonyesha jinsi Mungu alivyo."},"vi":{"B":"Chưa ai từng thấy Đức Chúa Trời. Chính Con độc nhất, Đấng vốn là Đức Chúa Trời và ở sát bên Cha, đã bày tỏ {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ra.","L":"Đức Chúa Trời thì chưa ai từng thấy; Đức Chúa Trời độc nhất, Đấng ở trong lòng Cha, chính Đấng ấy đã bày tỏ [{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}].","R":"Chưa ai từng thấy Đức Chúa Trời. Nhưng Con duy nhất, Đấng vốn là Đức Chúa Trời và ở gần Cha nhất, đã cho chúng ta biết Đức Chúa Trời là thế nào."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018002"],"language":"en","target_span":"No one"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018003"],"language":"en","target_span":"has"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018004"],"language":"en","target_span":"ever"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018003"],"language":"en","target_span":"seen"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018001"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018005"],"language":"en","target_span":"The one and only Son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018007","n43001018008"],"language":"en","target_span":"who is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018006"],"language":"en","target_span":"God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018009","n43001018010","n43001018011"],"language":"en","target_span":"close beside"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018012","n43001018013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Father"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001018015"],"language":"en","target_span":"has made {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} known"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001018005","n43001018006"],"choice":"one and only God","alternatives":["the one and only Son (most later manuscripts)"],"reason":"\"God\" has the oldest witnesses (the papyri P66 and P75, Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus) and is the harder reading, which scribes were more likely to change to the familiar \"Son\". A footnote gives \"Son\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"idiom","tokens":["n43001018009","n43001018010","n43001018011"],"choice":"closeness, not location","alternatives":["in the bosom"],"reason":"Diners reclined so that one rested against another's chest (John 13:23). The image is intimacy.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001018015"],"choice":"has made him known, explained him","alternatives":[],"reason":"The verb, from which \"exegesis\" comes, means to lead out, explain, narrate. The Son reveals the God no one has seen.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001018005","n43001018006"],"choice":"The one and only Son, who is himself God","alternatives":["the only God"],"reason":"\"The only God\" would suggest the Father is not God. Supplying \"Son\", as in verse 14, keeps both truths.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001018005"],"choice":"el Hijo único","alternatives":["el unigénito"],"reason":"As in verse 14.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001018005","n43001018006"],"choice":"[l’]Unique, Dieu","alternatives":["le Dieu Fils unique","l’unique Dieu","Dieu unique engendré"],"reason":"French cannot say \"one and only God\" as the English Literal does: \"l’unique Dieu\" or \"le Dieu unique\" means \"the only God\", which would deny that the Father is God, and \"engendré\" brings back \"begotten\". The adjective is made a noun, \"l’Unique\", with \"Dieu\" in apposition, keeping the reading of the meaning decision without supplying \"Fils\". Balanced and Readable supply \"Fils\" as the English does.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001018009","n43001018010","n43001018011"],"choice":"dans l’intimité du Père (B); le plus proche du Père (R)","alternatives":["dans le sein du Père"],"reason":"The meaning decision reads closeness, not location; \"dans le sein\" stays at Literal. \"Dans l’intimité de\" is the natural French for that closeness.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001018015"],"choice":"amemtambulisha, with the object in the verb","alternatives":["amemtambulisha [yeye]"],"reason":"The English Literal brackets \"[him]\", which the Greek leaves out. Swahili puts the object inside the verb (-m-), so it cannot be bracketed or left out; \"amemtambulisha\" (has made him known) is the nearest Literal can come.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001018009","n43001018010","n43001018011"],"choice":"\"품 안에\" (L); \"바로 곁에\" (B); \"가장 가까이\" (R)","alternatives":["\"품속에\" at every level"],"reason":"The meaning decision says the phrase is about closeness, not location. Literal keeps the picture of the bosom; Balanced and Readable say the closeness directly.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001018005","n43001018006"],"choice":"\"Đấng vốn là Đức Chúa Trời\" (who is by nature God)","alternatives":["\"chính {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} là Đức Chúa Trời\""],"reason":"Vietnamese says \"who is himself God\" most naturally with \"vốn là\" (is in his very being), which needs no pronoun and so no setting span.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.19.s1","refs":["JHN.1.19"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001019001","n43001019002","n43001019003","n43001019004","n43001019005","n43001019006","n43001019007","n43001019008","n43001019009","n43001019010","n43001019011","n43001019012","n43001019013","n43001019014","n43001019015","n43001019016","n43001019017","n43001019018","n43001019019","n43001019020","n43001019021","n43001019022"],"text":"Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰωάννου ὅτε ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευίτας ἵνα ἐρωτήσωσιν αὐτόν· Σὺ τίς εἶ;"},"literal_gloss":"And this is the testimony of the John, when sent the Jews out of Jerusalem priests and Levites so that they might ask him, \"You, who are you?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"This is what John testified when the Jewish leaders sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, \"Who are you?\"","L":"And this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent out from Jerusalem priests and Levites in order that they might ask him, \"You, who are you?\"","R":"This is what John said when the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem sent priests and Levites, who served in the temple, to ask him, \"Who are you?\""},"es":{"B":"Este es el testimonio que dio Juan cuando los dirigentes judíos enviaron desde Jerusalén a unos sacerdotes y levitas a preguntarle: «¿Quién eres tú?».","L":"Y este es el testimonio de Juan, cuando los judíos enviaron desde Jerusalén sacerdotes y levitas para que le preguntaran: «Tú, ¿quién eres?».","R":"Esto es lo que dijo Juan cuando los dirigentes judíos de Jerusalén enviaron a unos sacerdotes y levitas, que servían en el templo, a preguntarle: «¿Quién eres tú?»."},"fr":{"B":"Voici le témoignage que Jean rendit lorsque les chefs juifs envoyèrent de Jérusalem des prêtres et des Lévites lui demander : « Qui es-tu ? »","L":"Et c’est là le témoignage de Jean, quand les Juifs envoyèrent de Jérusalem des prêtres et des Lévites afin qu’ils lui demandent : « Toi, qui es-tu ? »","R":"Voici ce que Jean a dit quand les chefs juifs de Jérusalem lui ont envoyé des prêtres et des Lévites, qui servaient au temple, pour lui demander : « Qui es-tu ? »"},"ko":{"B":"유대 지도자들이 예루살렘에서 제사장들과 레위인들을 보내어 요한에게 \"당신은 누구입니까?\" 하고 물었을 때, 요한이 한 증언은 이러하다.","L":"그리고 이것이 요한의 증언이다. 유대인들이 예루살렘에서 제사장들과 레위인들을 보내어 그에게 \"당신은 누구입니까?\" 하고 묻게 하였을 때의 [일이다].","R":"예루살렘에 있는 유대 지도자들이 제사장들과 레위인들을 요한에게 보냈다. 이들은 성전에서 일하는 사람들이었다. 그들이 요한에게 \"당신은 누구입니까?\" 하고 물었을 때, 요한이 한 말은 이렇다."},"sw":{"B":"Huu ndio ushuhuda wa Yohana, viongozi wa Wayahudi walipomtumia makuhani na Walawi kutoka Yerusalemu ili wamwulize, \"Wewe ni nani?\"","L":"Na huu ndio ushuhuda wa Yohana, Wayahudi walipotuma kutoka Yerusalemu makuhani na Walawi ili wamwulize, \"Wewe, u nani?\"","R":"Hivi ndivyo Yohana alivyosema, viongozi wa Wayahudi huko Yerusalemu walipowatuma makuhani na Walawi, waliohudumu hekaluni, ili wamwulize, \"Wewe ni nani?\""},"vi":{"B":"Đây là lời chứng của Giăng khi các nhà lãnh đạo Do Thái từ Giê-ru-sa-lem sai các thầy tế lễ và người Lê-vi đến hỏi ông: \"Ông là ai?\"","L":"Và đây là lời chứng của Giăng, khi người Do Thái từ Giê-ru-sa-lem sai các thầy tế lễ và người Lê-vi đến để hỏi ông: \"Ông, ông là ai?\"","R":"Đây là điều Giăng đã nói khi các nhà lãnh đạo Do Thái ở Giê-ru-sa-lem sai các thầy tế lễ và những người Lê-vi phục vụ trong đền thờ đến hỏi ông: \"Ông là ai?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019002"],"language":"en","target_span":"This"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019003"],"language":"en","target_span":"is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019004"],"language":"en","target_span":"what"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019006","n43001019007"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019005"],"language":"en","target_span":"testified"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019008"],"language":"en","target_span":"when"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019010","n43001019011"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Jewish leaders"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019009"],"language":"en","target_span":"sent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019014"],"language":"en","target_span":"priests"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019015"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019016"],"language":"en","target_span":"Levites"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019012"],"language":"en","target_span":"from"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019013"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jerusalem"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019017","n43001019018"],"language":"en","target_span":"to ask"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019019"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019021"],"language":"en","target_span":"Who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019022"],"language":"en","target_span":"are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001019020"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001019010","n43001019011"],"choice":"the Jews: here the religious authorities in Jerusalem","alternatives":["the Jewish people as a whole","the people of Judea"],"reason":"John uses this word in several senses: the Jewish people (4:9, 22), people of Judea (11:19), and often the religious authorities in Jerusalem. Here they send priests and Levites from Jerusalem with official questions, and the envoys must report back to those who sent them (verse 22); verse 24 links the delegation with the Pharisees. That is the leadership, not the whole people. John the Baptist, Jesus and his first disciples are all Jews.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001019014","n43001019015","n43001019016"],"choice":"priests and Levites: officials of the Jerusalem temple","alternatives":[],"reason":"Priests offered the sacrifices in the temple. Levites, from the same tribe of Levi, assisted them and kept order there. Sending them makes this an official inquiry into who John claims to be.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001019005"],"choice":"testimony: John's formal witness, picking up 1:7-8 and 1:15","alternatives":["story, account"],"reason":"The opening said John came to testify about the light (1:7). What follows, up to 1:34, is that testimony: first what John says about himself (1:19-28), then what he says about Jesus (1:29-34). The word has the sense of evidence given before a court.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001019020","n43001019021","n43001019022"],"choice":"emphatic you: \"You, who are you?\"","alternatives":[],"reason":"Σὺ stands first in the question. The envoys press John to say who he himself claims to be.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019011"],"choice":"the Jews (L); the Jewish leaders (B); the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem (R)","alternatives":["the Jews at every level"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: Literal shows the word John wrote; Balanced and Readable name the group the context shows (meaning decision m1), so no reader takes it as the whole Jewish people.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001019014","n43001019015","n43001019016"],"choice":"who served in the temple","alternatives":["priests and Levites"],"reason":"Readable says who the Levites were (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019009"],"choice":"narration in the passé simple (L, B), with Literal keeping John’s present tense (\"il dit\", \"il voit\"); passé composé (R); speech in the passé composé at every level","alternatives":["passé composé for narration at every level","the present tense throughout at Literal"],"reason":"The French brief for the whole passage (1:19-51). The passé simple (\"envoyèrent\", \"répondit\") is the normal tense of written narrative and suits a public reading; Literal uses it for the Greek past tenses and keeps the present where John tells a past event in the present (1:21 \"il dit\", 1:29 \"il voit\"), as the English Literal does. Readable uses the passé composé (\"Jean a dit\"), the past tense French readers speak and learn first. Inside speech every level uses the passé composé (\"j’ai dit\", \"je suis venu\"), as people speak. The imperfect (\"baptisait\", \"connaissais\") is used at every level for what was going on.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019010","n43001019011"],"choice":"les Juifs (L); les chefs juifs (B); les chefs juifs de Jérusalem (R)","alternatives":["les autorités juives (B, R)","les Juifs at every level"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John, first used here in this passage. Literal keeps the word John wrote. Balanced and Readable name the group the context shows (meaning decision m1): in French, \"les Juifs\" alone reads as the whole people. \"Les chefs juifs\" is plainer than \"les autorités juives\" and fits men who send envoys and expect a report; \"les autorités juives\" remains available where John means an official body.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019011"],"choice":"Wayahudi (L); viongozi wa Wayahudi (B); viongozi wa Wayahudi huko Yerusalemu (R)","alternatives":["Wayahudi at every level"],"reason":"As the English and the book-wide choice for John: Literal keeps the word John wrote; Balanced and Readable name the authorities who sent the envoys, so the text does not set Jesus, John and his disciples, who were all Jews, against the Jewish people.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019011"],"choice":"los judíos (L); los dirigentes judíos (B); los dirigentes judíos de Jerusalén (R)","alternatives":["las autoridades judías"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John, as in English: Literal shows the word John wrote; Balanced and Readable name the group the context shows (meaning decision m1), so no reader takes it as the whole Jewish people.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001019014","n43001019015","n43001019016"],"choice":"que servían en el templo","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable says who the Levites were (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019020","n43001019021","n43001019022"],"choice":"« » outside, “ ” inside; ¿ ? and ¡ !","alternatives":[],"reason":"Standard Spanish typography, as in 1:15. Where a speech runs over several records, the guillemet opens in the first and closes in the last, as the English quotation marks do.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019011"],"choice":"\"유대인들\" (L); \"유대 지도자들\" (B); \"예루살렘에 있는 유대 지도자들\" (R)","alternatives":["\"유대 사람들\" at every level"],"reason":"As docs/john-terms.md: Literal shows the word John wrote; Balanced and Readable name the Jerusalem authorities the meaning decision identifies. \"유대인\" is the established word for the people.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001019020","n43001019021","n43001019022"],"choice":"the envoys and John speak to each other in 합쇼체, and the envoys say \"당신\"","alternatives":["해라체 (\"너는 누구냐?\")","하오체 (\"당신은 누구요?\")"],"reason":"Strangers and officials address each other formally in modern Korean. \"당신\" keeps the emphatic \"you\" of the Greek and sounds cool and probing, which suits an interrogation; 하오체 is old-fashioned. This holds through 1:19-28.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001019011"],"choice":"\"người Do Thái\" (L); \"các nhà lãnh đạo Do Thái\" (B, R)","alternatives":["\"người Do Thái\" at every level"],"reason":"As in the English: Literal shows the word John wrote, Balanced and Readable name the authorities in Jerusalem, who are the ones meant here.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001019020","n43001019021","n43001019022"],"choice":"the envoys and John call each other \"ông\" and speak of themselves as \"tôi\", \"chúng tôi\"","alternatives":["\"ngươi\" (archaic, to an inferior)","\"anh\""],"reason":"Vietnamese pronouns name the relationship. Officials questioning an adult stranger use the polite \"ông\", and John answers in the same register; the archaic \"ngươi\" would sound contemptuous to a modern reader. Held through the passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.20.s1","refs":["JHN.1.20"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001020001","n43001020002","n43001020003","n43001020004","n43001020005","n43001020006","n43001020007","n43001020008","n43001020009","n43001020010","n43001020011","n43001020012","n43001020013"],"text":"καὶ ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο, καὶ ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι Ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ὁ χριστός."},"literal_gloss":"And he confessed and not denied, and confessed that \"I not am the Christ.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He spoke openly and did not refuse to answer; he stated plainly, \"I am not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}.\"","L":"And he declared openly, and did not deny [it], and declared openly, \"I am not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}.\"","R":"John did not hide anything. He told them clearly, \"I am not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}.\""},"es":{"B":"Habló abiertamente y no se negó a responder; declaró con claridad: «Yo no soy el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}».","L":"Y declaró abiertamente, y no [lo] negó, y declaró abiertamente: «Yo no soy el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}».","R":"Juan no ocultó nada. Les dijo claramente: «Yo no soy el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}»."},"fr":{"B":"Il parla ouvertement, sans se dérober ; il déclara clairement : « Ce n’est pas moi qui suis le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}. »","L":"Et il déclara ouvertement, et il ne [le] nia pas, et il déclara ouvertement : « Moi, je ne suis pas le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}. »","R":"Jean n’a rien caché. Il leur a dit clairement : « Je ne suis pas le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}. »"},"ko":{"B":"그는 대답을 피하지 않고 분명하게 말했다. \"나는 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}가 아닙니다.\"","L":"그는 숨김없이 밝히고 부인하지 않았으며, 숨김없이 밝혔다. \"나는 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}가 아닙니다.\"","R":"요한은 아무것도 숨기지 않았다. 그는 분명히 말했다. \"나는 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}가 아닙니다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Alieleza waziwazi, wala hakukwepa swali; alisema wazi, \"Mimi siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}.\"","L":"Naye alikiri wala hakukana, na alikiri, \"Mimi siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}.\"","R":"Yohana hakuficha kitu. Aliwaambia waziwazi, \"Mimi siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}.\""},"vi":{"B":"Ông nói thẳng, không né tránh; ông tuyên bố rõ ràng: \"Tôi không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}.\"","L":"Và ông đã xưng nhận công khai và không chối, và đã xưng nhận: \"Tôi không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}.\"","R":"Giăng không giấu điều gì. Ông nói rõ với họ: \"Tôi không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020002"],"language":"en","target_span":"He spoke openly"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020003"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020004"],"language":"en","target_span":"did not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020005"],"language":"en","target_span":"refuse to answer"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020007"],"language":"en","target_span":"he stated plainly"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020009"],"language":"en","target_span":"I"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020011"],"language":"en","target_span":"am"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020010"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001020002","n43001020007"],"choice":"declared openly, as one does in public or before a court","alternatives":["confessed, admitted a wrong"],"reason":"ὁμολογέω means to say something openly or acknowledge it publicly; it is not admitting a sin here. Saying it, denying the opposite, and saying it again stresses how plainly John answered.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001020004","n43001020005"],"choice":"did not deny: did not evade the question","alternatives":["did not deny that he was the Christ"],"reason":"The verb has no object. Placed between the two positive statements, it means John did not refuse to answer or hide behind vague words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001020009","n43001020010","n43001020011","n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"emphatic I: I am not the Christ (someone else is)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Ἐγὼ is emphatic. The envoys asked only who he was, but John answers the question behind it (compare Luke 3:15, where people wondered whether John was the Christ). The emphasis prepares for verses 26-27: he is not the one, but the one is already among them.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"the Christ: a title, the Anointed One, the king Israel was waiting for","alternatives":["a personal name"],"reason":"With the article, χριστός is a title here, not a name. 1:41 gives the Hebrew word, Messiah, which means the same.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}","alternatives":["{{christos:Christ|the Messiah}}"],"reason":"Here the word is a title with the article, so every level writes \"the\" outside the span: \"the Christ\" or \"the Messiah\". The usual Balanced span would give \"I am not Christ\", which reads as a name.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001020005"],"choice":"did not refuse to answer (B); did not hide anything (R)","alternatives":["did not deny"],"reason":"English \"deny\" needs an object; these say what meaning decision m2 finds.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}","alternatives":["{{christos:Christ|le Messie}}"],"reason":"A title with the article (meaning decision m4). French needs the article with either word (\"le Christ\", \"le Messie\"), so every level writes \"le\" outside the span; \"Je ne suis pas Christ\" would read as a name.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001020009","n43001020010","n43001020011","n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"Moi, je ne suis pas ... (L); Ce n’est pas moi qui suis ... (B)","alternatives":["Je ne suis pas le Christ (L, B)"],"reason":"The emphatic pronoun (meaning decision m3) is shown in French by a stressed \"moi\" (Literal) or by \"c’est ... qui\" (Balanced), which implies, as the Greek does, that someone else is. Readable keeps the plain statement.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-3","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001020005"],"choice":"il ne [le] nia pas","alternatives":["il ne nia pas"],"reason":"French \"nier\" needs an object; Literal brackets it (meaning decision m2). Balanced and Readable follow the English wording.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"Mimi siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}","alternatives":["Mimi si {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}"],"reason":"Swahili has no article to mark \"the Christ\" as a title. \"Mimi si Kristo\" could be read as a name; \"siye\" (I am not the one) says that someone else is the expected king, as the meaning notes say. Both setting options read naturally with it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}","alternatives":["{{christos:Cristo|el Mesías}}"],"reason":"As in English: here the word is a title with the article, so every level writes \"el\" outside the span. \"Yo no soy Cristo\" would read as a name.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001020002","n43001020007"],"choice":"declaró abiertamente","alternatives":["confesó"],"reason":"Spanish \"confesar\" is heard first as confessing a sin, which meaning decision m1 rules out. \"Declarar abiertamente\" is saying something openly, as before a court.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001020005"],"choice":"no se negó a responder (B); no ocultó nada (R)","alternatives":["no negó"],"reason":"As in English: \"negar\" needs an object; these say what meaning decision m2 finds. Literal supplies \"[lo]\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"{{christos:그리스도|메시아}} with no word for \"the\"","alternatives":["\"그 그리스도\""],"reason":"The English adds \"the\" so that Christ is not read as a name. Korean has no article, and \"나는 그리스도가 아닙니다\" already reads as a title; \"그\" (that) would sound odd. The particle \"가\" fits both alternatives. The topic marker \"나는\" carries the contrast of the emphatic \"I\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001020012","n43001020013"],"choice":"{{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}} for the title","alternatives":["\"Christ\" without \"Đấng\""],"reason":"\"Đấng\" (the One, said of a revered person) does the work of the English \"the\" and marks Christ as a title, not a name, whichever wording the setting gives.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.21.s1","refs":["JHN.1.21"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001021001","n43001021002","n43001021003","n43001021004","n43001021005"],"text":"καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν· Τί οὖν;"},"literal_gloss":"And they asked him, \"What then?","renderings":{"en":{"B":"So they asked him, \"Then what?","L":"And they asked him, \"What then?","R":"They asked him, \"Then who are you?"},"es":{"B":"Así que le preguntaron: «Entonces, ¿qué?","L":"Y le preguntaron: «¿Qué, pues?","R":"Le preguntaron: «Entonces, ¿quién eres?"},"fr":{"B":"Ils lui demandèrent alors : « Quoi donc ?","L":"Et ils lui demandèrent : « Quoi donc ?","R":"Ils lui ont demandé : « Alors, qui es-tu ?"},"ko":{"B":"그래서 그들이 물었다. \"그러면 당신은 무엇입니까?","L":"그러자 그들이 그에게 물었다. \"그러면 무엇입니까?","R":"그들이 물었다. \"그러면 당신은 누구입니까?"},"sw":{"B":"Basi wakamwuliza, \"Ni nini basi?","L":"Na wakamwuliza, \"Basi nini?","R":"Wakamwuliza, \"Basi wewe ni nani?"},"vi":{"B":"Vậy họ hỏi ông: \"Thế thì ông là gì?","L":"Và họ hỏi ông: \"Vậy thì thế nào?","R":"Họ hỏi ông: \"Vậy ông là ai?"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021001"],"language":"en","target_span":"So"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021002"],"language":"en","target_span":"they asked"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021003"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021005"],"language":"en","target_span":"Then"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021004"],"language":"en","target_span":"what"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001021004","n43001021005"],"choice":"What then?: if not the Christ, what are you?","alternatives":["Why then?"],"reason":"Τί οὖν is a short follow-up: if you are not the Christ, what is the answer? The exchange moves quickly, in short questions and shorter answers.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021004"],"choice":"who","alternatives":["what"],"reason":"In English one asks \"who\" about a person; the sense is the same.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021004"],"choice":"quién","alternatives":["qué"],"reason":"As in English: one asks \"quién\" about a person; the sense is the same.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.21.s2","refs":["JHN.1.21"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001021006","n43001021007","n43001021008"],"text":"σὺ Ἠλίας εἶ;"},"literal_gloss":"You Elijah are?","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Are you Elijah?\"","L":"Are you Elijah?\"","R":"Are you Elijah?\""},"es":{"B":"¿Eres tú Elías?».","L":"¿Eres tú Elías?».","R":"¿Eres tú Elías?»."},"fr":{"B":"Es-tu Élie ? »","L":"Es-tu Élie ? »","R":"Es-tu Élie ? »"},"ko":{"B":"당신은 엘리야입니까?\"","L":"당신은 엘리야입니까?\"","R":"당신은 엘리야입니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"Je, wewe ni Eliya?\"","L":"Wewe u Eliya?\"","R":"Je, wewe ni Eliya?\""},"vi":{"B":"Có phải ông là Ê-li không?\"","L":"Ông là Ê-li sao?\"","R":"Có phải ông là Ê-li không?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021008"],"language":"en","target_span":"Are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021006"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021007"],"language":"en","target_span":"Elijah"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001021007"],"choice":"Elijah, whose return Malachi promised","alternatives":[],"reason":"Malachi 4:5-6 (3:23-24 in the Hebrew numbering) says God will send Elijah the prophet before the great day of the LORD. Elijah had been taken up alive (2 Kings 2:11), and he was expected to come back. John dressed as Elijah had (2 Kings 1:8; Mark 1:6), so the question was a natural one.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.21.s3","refs":["JHN.1.21"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001021009","n43001021010","n43001021011","n43001021012"],"text":"καὶ λέγει· Οὐκ εἰμί."},"literal_gloss":"And he says, \"Not I am.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He said, \"I am not.\"","L":"And he says, \"I am not.\"","R":"\"No, I am not,\" he said."},"es":{"B":"Él dijo: «No lo soy».","L":"Y dice: «No soy».","R":"«No, no lo soy», dijo."},"fr":{"B":"Il dit : « Je ne le suis pas. »","L":"Et il dit : « Je ne [le] suis pas. »","R":"« Non, je ne le suis pas », a-t-il dit."},"ko":{"B":"요한이 대답했다. \"나는 아닙니다.\"","L":"그가 말한다. \"나는 아닙니다.\"","R":"\"아닙니다. 나는 엘리야가 아닙니다.\" 하고 요한이 말했다."},"sw":{"B":"Akasema, \"Mimi siye.\"","L":"Naye anasema, \"Mimi siye.\"","R":"\"Hapana, mimi siye,\" akasema."},"vi":{"B":"Ông đáp: \"Tôi không phải.\"","L":"Và ông nói: \"Tôi không phải.\"","R":"Ông nói: \"Không, tôi không phải.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021010"],"language":"en","target_span":"He said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021012"],"language":"en","target_span":"I am"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021011"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001021011","n43001021012"],"choice":"John denies being Elijah himself come back","alternatives":["John denies any link with Elijah"],"reason":"Jesus says that John is the Elijah who was to come (Matthew 11:14; 17:12-13), and Luke 1:17 says John would go ahead of the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah. John is not denying that role. He denies being Elijah himself returned, which is what he was asked; in this Gospel John always points away from himself to Jesus (3:30).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021010"],"choice":"past tense: he said","alternatives":["he says"],"reason":"John often tells his story in the present tense (\"he says\", \"he finds\"), which makes it vivid. Literal keeps it; Balanced and Readable use the past, as English stories do. This applies throughout the passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001021011","n43001021012"],"choice":"Je ne [le] suis pas (L); Je ne le suis pas (B, R)","alternatives":["Je ne suis pas Élie"],"reason":"In a short answer French repeats the predicate with \"le\" (\"Je ne le suis pas\": I am not that one). The Greek has no such word, so Literal brackets it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021010"],"choice":"historic present kept at Literal (anasema); past at Balanced and Readable (akasema)","alternatives":["anasema at every level"],"reason":"John tells past events in the present (he says). Literal keeps it, as the English Literal does; Balanced and Readable use the narrative past with -ka-, which is how written Swahili tells a story. This holds for the whole passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021010"],"choice":"past tense: dijo","alternatives":["dice"],"reason":"As in English: John often tells his story in the present tense. Literal keeps it; Balanced and Readable use the past, as Spanish stories do. This applies throughout the passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021010"],"choice":"historic present \"말한다\" (L); past (B, R), through this passage","alternatives":["past tense at every level"],"reason":"Literal keeps the Greek's present tense in narrative (\"말한다\", \"말씀하신다\"), which Korean can do for vividness; Balanced and Readable use the past. One decision for 1:19-51.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021010"],"choice":"historic present kept at L by leaving out \"đã\" (\"ông nói\")","alternatives":["\"ông đã nói\""],"reason":"Vietnamese has no verb endings; Literal keeps John's present-tense storytelling by not adding \"đã\", while Balanced and Readable tell it as plain narrative. This holds for the passage (1:29, 1:36, 1:38-39, 1:41, 1:43, 1:45-48, 1:51).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.21.s4","refs":["JHN.1.21"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014","n43001021015","n43001021016"],"text":"Ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ;"},"literal_gloss":"The prophet are you?","renderings":{"en":{"B":"\"Are you the Prophet?\"","L":"\"Are you the Prophet?\"","R":"\"Are you the Prophet that Moses promised?\""},"es":{"B":"«¿Eres tú el Profeta?».","L":"«¿Eres tú el Profeta?».","R":"«¿Eres tú el Profeta que Moisés prometió?»."},"fr":{"B":"« Es-tu le Prophète ? »","L":"« Es-tu le Prophète ? »","R":"« Es-tu le Prophète que Moïse a annoncé ? »"},"ko":{"B":"\"당신은 그 예언자입니까?\"","L":"\"당신은 그 예언자입니까?\"","R":"\"당신은 모세가 약속한 그 예언자입니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"\"Wewe ndiye yule Nabii?\"","L":"\"Wewe ndiye yule Nabii?\"","R":"\"Wewe ndiye yule Nabii aliyeahidiwa na Musa?\""},"vi":{"B":"\"Ông có phải là Đấng Tiên Tri không?\"","L":"\"Ông có phải là Đấng Tiên Tri không?\"","R":"\"Ông có phải là Đấng Tiên Tri mà Môi-se đã hứa không?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021015"],"language":"en","target_span":"Are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021016"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Prophet"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014"],"choice":"the Prophet: the prophet like Moses promised in Deuteronomy 18:15-18","alternatives":["any prophet","one of the old prophets come back"],"reason":"The article points to a known figure. God told Moses he would raise up a prophet like him from among the people (Deuteronomy 18:15, 18). Later in John people wonder whether Jesus is \"the Prophet\" (6:14; 7:40), and Peter applies the promise to Jesus (Acts 3:22). Here, as in 7:40-41, the Prophet is treated as someone other than the Christ.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021014"],"choice":"the Prophet, with a capital","alternatives":["the prophet"],"reason":"The capital shows a particular, expected figure (meaning decision m1), not any prophet.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014"],"choice":"that Moses promised","alternatives":["the Prophet"],"reason":"Readable says which prophet is meant (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014"],"choice":"que Moisés prometió","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable says which prophet is meant (meaning decision m1). The capital shows a particular, expected figure.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021013","n43001021014"],"choice":"\"그 예언자\"","alternatives":["\"선지자\"","\"예언자\" without \"그\""],"reason":"\"예언자\" is the current word; \"선지자\" is the older church word. \"그\" (that) marks the particular expected Prophet of Deuteronomy 18, as the English capital does, since Korean has no article or capitals.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001021014"],"choice":"\"Đấng Tiên Tri\" for the Prophet, capitalised","alternatives":["\"vị tiên tri ấy\"","\"nhà tiên tri\""],"reason":"The expected prophet like Moses is a title, as \"the Prophet\" is in English; \"Đấng\" and the capitals mark it off from an ordinary \"tiên tri\" (as Isaiah is in 1:23). For a reviewer to confirm for 6:14 and 7:40.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.21.s5","refs":["JHN.1.21"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001021017","n43001021018","n43001021019"],"text":"καὶ ἀπεκρίθη· Οὔ."},"literal_gloss":"And he answered, \"No.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He answered, \"No.\"","L":"And he answered, \"No.\"","R":"\"No,\" he answered."},"es":{"B":"Él respondió: «No».","L":"Y respondió: «No».","R":"«No», respondió."},"fr":{"B":"Il répondit : « Non. »","L":"Et il répondit : « Non. »","R":"« Non », a-t-il répondu."},"ko":{"B":"그가 대답했다. \"아닙니다.\"","L":"그러자 그가 대답했다. \"아닙니다.\"","R":"\"아닙니다.\" 하고 그가 대답했다."},"sw":{"B":"Akajibu, \"Hapana.\"","L":"Naye akajibu, \"Hapana.\"","R":"\"Hapana,\" akajibu."},"vi":{"B":"Ông đáp: \"Không.\"","L":"Và ông đáp: \"Không.\"","R":"\"Không,\" ông đáp."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021018"],"language":"en","target_span":"He answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001021019"],"language":"en","target_span":"No"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001021019"],"choice":"John's answers grow shorter","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"I am not the Christ\", then \"I am not\", and now a single word. The story shows John stepping out of the way.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.22.s1","refs":["JHN.1.22"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001022001","n43001022002","n43001022003","n43001022004","n43001022005"],"text":"εἶπαν οὖν αὐτῷ· Τίς εἶ;"},"literal_gloss":"They said therefore to him, \"Who are you?","renderings":{"en":{"B":"So they said to him, \"Who are you, then?","L":"So they said to him, \"Who are you?","R":"So they said, \"Who are you?"},"es":{"B":"Así que le dijeron: «¿Quién eres, entonces?","L":"Le dijeron, pues: «¿Quién eres?","R":"Entonces le dijeron: «¿Quién eres?"},"fr":{"B":"Ils lui dirent donc : « Qui es-tu, alors ?","L":"Ils lui dirent donc : « Qui es-tu ?","R":"Alors ils lui ont dit : « Qui es-tu ?"},"ko":{"B":"그래서 그들이 말했다. \"그렇다면 당신은 누구입니까?","L":"그래서 그들이 그에게 말했다. \"당신은 누구입니까?","R":"그래서 그들이 말했다. \"당신은 누구입니까?"},"sw":{"B":"Basi wakamwambia, \"Wewe ni nani basi?","L":"Basi wakamwambia, \"Wewe u nani?","R":"Basi wakasema, \"Wewe ni nani?"},"vi":{"B":"Họ bèn nói với ông: \"Vậy rốt cuộc ông là ai?","L":"Vậy họ nói với ông: \"Ông là ai?","R":"Vậy họ nói: \"Ông là ai?"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022002"],"language":"en","target_span":"So"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022001"],"language":"en","target_span":"they said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022003"],"language":"en","target_span":"to him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022005"],"language":"en","target_span":"are you"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001022002"],"choice":"so: the question follows from his three denials","alternatives":[],"reason":"οὖν links the question to what John has said: if he is none of these, who is he? It brings the envoys back to their first question (verse 19).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.22.s2","refs":["JHN.1.22"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001022006","n43001022007","n43001022008","n43001022009","n43001022010","n43001022011","n43001022012","n43001022013","n43001022014","n43001022015"],"text":"ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς· τί λέγεις περὶ σεαυτοῦ;"},"literal_gloss":"So that an answer we may give to the [ones] having sent us; what do you say about yourself?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"We have to give an answer to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?\"","L":"[Tell us,] so that we may give an answer to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?\"","R":"We have to take an answer back to the leaders who sent us. What do you say about yourself?\""},"es":{"B":"Tenemos que dar una respuesta a los que nos enviaron. ¿Qué dices de ti mismo?».","L":"[Dínoslo], para que demos una respuesta a los que nos enviaron. ¿Qué dices de ti mismo?».","R":"Tenemos que llevar una respuesta a los dirigentes que nos enviaron. ¿Qué dices de ti mismo?»."},"fr":{"B":"Il nous faut rapporter une réponse à ceux qui nous ont envoyés. Que dis-tu de toi-même ? »","L":"[Dis-le-nous,] afin que nous donnions une réponse à ceux qui nous ont envoyés. Que dis-tu de toi-même ? »","R":"Nous devons rapporter une réponse aux chefs qui nous ont envoyés. Que dis-tu de toi-même ? »"},"ko":{"B":"우리는 우리를 보낸 사람들에게 대답을 가지고 가야 합니다. 당신은 자신에 대해 무엇이라고 말하겠습니까?\"","L":"우리를 보낸 사람들에게 우리가 대답을 줄 수 있도록 [말해 주십시오]. 당신은 자신에 대하여 무엇이라고 말합니까?\"","R":"우리는 우리를 보낸 지도자들에게 대답을 가져가야 합니다. 당신은 자기 자신을 누구라고 말합니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"Tunapaswa kuwapelekea jibu wale waliotutuma. Unasema nini kuhusu wewe mwenyewe?\"","L":"[Tuambie,] ili tuwape jibu wale waliotutuma. Unasema nini kuhusu wewe mwenyewe?\"","R":"Tunapaswa kuwapelekea jibu viongozi waliotutuma. Unasema nini kuhusu wewe mwenyewe?\""},"vi":{"B":"Chúng tôi phải trả lời cho những người đã sai chúng tôi đến. Ông nói gì về chính mình?\"","L":"[Hãy nói,] để chúng tôi trả lời cho những người đã sai chúng tôi. Ông nói gì về chính mình?\"","R":"Chúng tôi phải đem câu trả lời về cho các nhà lãnh đạo đã sai chúng tôi. Ông tự nói gì về mình?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022006"],"language":"en","target_span":"We have to"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022008"],"language":"en","target_span":"give"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022007"],"language":"en","target_span":"an answer"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022009","n43001022010"],"language":"en","target_span":"to those who sent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022011"],"language":"en","target_span":"us"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022012"],"language":"en","target_span":"What"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022013"],"language":"en","target_span":"do you say"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001022014","n43001022015"],"language":"en","target_span":"about yourself"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001022006"],"choice":"a purpose clause with its main verb unstated: [tell us] so that","alternatives":[],"reason":"ἵνα begins a clause of purpose with nothing before it to depend on. The sense is \"tell us, so that\": the envoys must report back.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001022009","n43001022010","n43001022011"],"choice":"those who sent us: the authorities of verse 19","alternatives":[],"reason":"The envoys are not asking for themselves; they speak for the leaders in Jerusalem.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001022006"],"choice":"[Tell us,]","alternatives":[],"reason":"English cannot begin a sentence with \"so that\" alone (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001022006","n43001022007","n43001022008","n43001022009","n43001022010","n43001022011"],"choice":"We have to give an answer ...","alternatives":["so that we may give an answer"],"reason":"Balanced and Readable turn the purpose clause into a plain statement of need; Readable names the leaders (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001022006"],"choice":"[Dínoslo]","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: the purpose clause has nothing to depend on (meaning decision m1). Spanish could begin with \"Para que\" alone in speech, but in writing it reads as a fragment.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001022006","n43001022007","n43001022008","n43001022009","n43001022010","n43001022011"],"choice":"Tenemos que dar una respuesta ...","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Balanced and Readable turn the purpose clause into a plain statement of need; Readable names the leaders (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001022006"],"choice":"\"[말해 주십시오]\" at the end of the purpose clause","alternatives":["\"[말해 주십시오]\" at the start"],"reason":"Korean puts the main verb last, so the unstated \"tell us\" that the purpose clause depends on is supplied after it, not before it as in the English.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.23.s1","refs":["JHN.1.23"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001023001","n43001023002","n43001023003","n43001023004","n43001023005","n43001023006","n43001023007","n43001023008","n43001023009","n43001023010","n43001023011","n43001023012","n43001023013","n43001023014","n43001023015","n43001023016"],"text":"ἔφη· Ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· Εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, καθὼς εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας ὁ προφήτης."},"literal_gloss":"He said, \"I [am] a voice of [one] crying out in the wilderness, 'Make straight the way of Lord,' as said Isaiah the prophet.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"John answered in the words of the prophet Isaiah: \"I am a voice of someone calling out in the wilderness, 'Make the road straight for the Lord.'\"","L":"He said, \"I [am] a voice of [one] crying out in the wilderness, 'Make straight the way of [the] Lord,' as Isaiah the prophet said.\"","R":"John said, \"I am the voice that the prophet Isaiah spoke about. Someone is shouting in the desert, 'Make a straight road for the Lord!'\""},"es":{"B":"Juan respondió con las palabras del profeta Isaías: «Yo soy la voz de alguien que clama en el desierto: “{{plural_you:Enderecen|Enderezad}} el camino para el Señor”».","L":"Dijo: «Yo [soy] voz de [uno que] clama en el desierto: “{{plural_you:Enderecen|Enderezad}} el camino del Señor”, como dijo Isaías el profeta».","R":"Juan dijo: «Yo soy la voz de la que habló el profeta Isaías. Alguien grita en el desierto: “¡{{plural_you:Preparen|Preparad}} un camino recto para el Señor!”»."},"fr":{"B":"Jean répondit par les paroles du prophète Isaïe : « Je suis la voix de quelqu’un qui crie dans le désert : “Tracez une route droite pour le Seigneur.” »","L":"Il dit : « Moi, [je suis] une voix de [quelqu’un] criant dans le désert : “Tracez droit le chemin du Seigneur”, comme l’a dit Isaïe le prophète. »","R":"Jean a dit : « Je suis la voix dont le prophète Isaïe a parlé. Quelqu’un crie dans le désert : “Faites pour le Seigneur un chemin tout droit !” »"},"ko":{"B":"요한은 이사야 예언자의 말로 대답했다. \"나는 '주님의 길을 곧게 내어라' 하고 광야에서 외치는 사람의 소리입니다.\"","L":"그가 말했다. \"나는 광야에서 외치는 사람의 소리입니다. '주님의 길을 곧게 하여라.' 이사야 예언자가 말한 대로입니다.\"","R":"요한이 말했다. \"이사야 예언자가 말한 그 소리가 바로 나입니다. 누군가가 빈 들에서 '주님께서 오실 길을 곧게 만들어라!' 하고 외치고 있습니다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Yohana alijibu kwa maneno ya nabii Isaya: \"Mimi ni sauti ya mtu anayeita nyikani, 'Mnyooshee Bwana njia.'\"","L":"Alisema, \"Mimi [ni] sauti ya [mtu] anayeita kwa nguvu nyikani, 'Nyoosheni njia ya Bwana,' kama Isaya nabii alivyosema.\"","R":"Yohana alisema, \"Mimi ndiye sauti ambayo nabii Isaya aliizungumzia. Mtu anapiga kelele jangwani, 'Mtengenezeeni Bwana barabara iliyonyooka!'\""},"vi":{"B":"Giăng trả lời bằng lời của tiên tri Ê-sai: \"Tôi là tiếng của một người kêu lên trong đồng hoang: 'Hãy sửa đường cho thẳng để đón Chúa.'\"","L":"Ông nói: \"Tôi [là] tiếng của [người] kêu lên trong đồng hoang: 'Hãy làm thẳng đường của Chúa,' như tiên tri Ê-sai đã nói.\"","R":"Giăng nói: \"Tôi là tiếng nói mà tiên tri Ê-sai đã nói đến. Có người đang kêu lớn trong sa mạc: 'Hãy làm một con đường thẳng cho Chúa!'\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023001"],"language":"en","target_span":"John answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023012","n43001023013"],"language":"en","target_span":"in the words of"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023015","n43001023016"],"language":"en","target_span":"the prophet"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023014"],"language":"en","target_span":"Isaiah"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023002"],"language":"en","target_span":"I am"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023003"],"language":"en","target_span":"a voice"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023004"],"language":"en","target_span":"of someone calling out"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023005"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023006","n43001023007"],"language":"en","target_span":"the wilderness"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023008"],"language":"en","target_span":"Make"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023009","n43001023010"],"language":"en","target_span":"the road"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023008"],"language":"en","target_span":"straight"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001023011"],"language":"en","target_span":"for the Lord"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001023002","n43001023003","n43001023004","n43001023005","n43001023006","n43001023007","n43001023008","n43001023009","n43001023010","n43001023011"],"choice":"John's words quote Isaiah 40:3","alternatives":[],"reason":"Isaiah 40 opens God's message of comfort to his people in exile: the LORD himself is coming back to them, and a voice calls for a road to be made ready for him through the wilderness. John takes that voice as his own role. He is only a voice; what matters is the one who is coming. Isaiah's Greek has two verbs, \"prepare the way of the Lord, make straight the paths\"; John's words join them into one. Matthew 3:3, Mark 1:3 and Luke 3:4 apply the same verse to John.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"Lord: in Isaiah 40:3 this stands for God's own name, the LORD","alternatives":["lord: a human master"],"reason":"In the Hebrew of Isaiah 40:3 the word is the divine name. John prepares the way for Jesus, so the Gospel applies to Jesus a verse about the coming of the LORD himself (compare 1:1, 14).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001023012","n43001023013","n43001023014","n43001023015","n43001023016"],"choice":"\"as Isaiah the prophet said\" is part of John's answer","alternatives":["a comment by the narrator"],"reason":"In Matthew, Mark and Luke the narrator introduces the quotation. Here the words continue John's reply: he himself names Isaiah as his source.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001023012","n43001023013","n43001023014","n43001023015","n43001023016"],"choice":"Isaiah named before the quotation","alternatives":["as Isaiah the prophet said (at the end)"],"reason":"After a quotation inside a quotation, a closing \"as Isaiah the prophet said\" is hard to follow in English. Balanced and Readable name Isaiah first; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"Lord","alternatives":["LORD (in small capitals)"],"reason":"The style guide keeps \"the LORD\" for the divine name in the Old Testament itself. Here the Gospel quotes the verse with the Greek word \"Lord\"; meaning decision m2 explains whom it means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023007"],"choice":"desert","alternatives":["wilderness"],"reason":"The word means empty country where few people live, such as the dry land along the lower Jordan. \"Desert\" is the everyday word for it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"le Seigneur","alternatives":["l’Éternel"],"reason":"Many French Bibles render the divine name of the Old Testament \"l’Éternel\". Here the Gospel quotes Isaiah 40:3 with the Greek word for \"Lord\", so French writes \"le Seigneur\"; meaning decision m2 says that in Isaiah the word stands for God's own name.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023014"],"choice":"Isaïe","alternatives":["Ésaïe"],"reason":"\"Isaïe\" is the form in general French usage and in Catholic and ecumenical Bibles; \"Ésaïe\" is the form of the Protestant tradition (the Segond family) and is common in Protestant churches, including in francophone Africa. A native reviewer should confirm which form the project uses; the choice must then hold for every book.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-3","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023008"],"choice":"Tracez droit le chemin (L); Tracez une route droite (B); Faites un chemin tout droit (R)","alternatives":["Aplanissez le chemin","Rendez droit le chemin"],"reason":"The verb means \"make straight\". The familiar \"aplanir\" says \"make level\", a different picture; \"tracer droit\" keeps the straight line in ordinary French.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-4","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001023008","n43001023009","n43001023010","n43001023011"],"choice":"« » for speech, “ ” for a quotation inside it","alternatives":["« » at both levels"],"reason":"Standard French typography: guillemets « » with a no-break space inside them, and English-style quotation marks “ ” for a quotation within a quotation, as here and in 1:30 and 1:33. A narrow no-break space goes before ; ! and ?, and a no-break space before a colon, so that no line begins with a punctuation mark.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"Bwana","alternatives":["BWANA","Yahweh"],"reason":"In Isaiah 40:3 this stands for God's own name, which Swahili Old Testaments print as \"BWANA\". John quotes it with κυρίου, so the New Testament writes \"Bwana\", as the English writes \"Lord\"; the meaning note gives the Hebrew.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023007"],"choice":"jangwani (R); nyikani (L, B)","alternatives":["nyikani at every level"],"reason":"\"Nyika\" is open, empty country, the closer word; Readable says \"jangwa\" (desert), which young readers know better, as the English Readable says \"desert\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001023012","n43001023013","n43001023014","n43001023015","n43001023016"],"choice":"Isaías named before the quotation","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: after a quotation inside a quotation, a closing \"como dijo el profeta Isaías\" is hard to follow. Balanced and Readable name Isaiah first; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"el Señor","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: the Gospel quotes the verse with the Greek word for \"Lord\"; meaning decision m2 explains whom it means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023007"],"choice":"ustedes / vosotros forms","alternatives":[],"reason":"The command in Isaiah is plural, so it takes the reader setting: ustedes (Latin America, the default) or vosotros (Spain). The same applies to every plural \"you\" in this passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023007","n43001023011"],"choice":"\"광야\" (L, B), \"빈 들\" (R); \"주님\" for Lord","alternatives":["\"사막\"","\"주\""],"reason":"\"광야\" is the established word for the wilderness of Isaiah 40:3; Readable uses the plain native \"빈 들\" (open, empty land) rather than \"사막\" (sandy desert). \"주님\" is the current respectful word for the Lord, standing for God's name here as the meaning decision says.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023011"],"choice":"\"Chúa\" (the Lord) for kyrios standing for God's name","alternatives":["\"Đức Giê-hô-va\"","\"Đức Chúa\""],"reason":"The Greek has \"Lord\", as the English does; \"Chúa\" is the ordinary Vietnamese word for the Lord. The 1926 version uses \"Đức Giê-hô-va\" in the Old Testament, which a footnote on Isaiah 40:3 could mention.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001023007"],"choice":"\"đồng hoang\" (L, B); \"sa mạc\" (R)","alternatives":["\"đồng vắng\""],"reason":"\"đồng hoang\" is the modern word for open uninhabited land; Readable uses the commoner \"sa mạc\" as the English Readable says \"desert\". \"đồng vắng\" is familiar from older versions but less used today.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.24.s1","refs":["JHN.1.24"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001024001","n43001024002","n43001024003","n43001024004","n43001024005","n43001024006"],"text":"Καὶ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων."},"literal_gloss":"And [ones] having been sent were from the Pharisees.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"They had been sent by the Pharisees.","L":"And they had been sent from the Pharisees.","R":"The Pharisees had sent them."},"es":{"B":"Habían sido enviados por los fariseos.","L":"Y habían sido enviados de los fariseos.","R":"Los fariseos los habían enviado."},"fr":{"B":"Ils avaient été envoyés par les Pharisiens.","L":"Et ils avaient été envoyés de la part des Pharisiens.","R":"C’étaient les Pharisiens qui les avaient envoyés."},"ko":{"B":"그들은 바리새파 사람들이 보낸 이들이었다.","L":"그런데 그들은 바리새파 사람들에게서 보냄을 받은 이들이었다.","R":"그들을 보낸 것은 바리새파 사람들이었다."},"sw":{"B":"Walikuwa wametumwa na Mafarisayo.","L":"Nao walikuwa wametumwa kutoka kwa Mafarisayo.","R":"Mafarisayo ndio waliokuwa wamewatuma."},"vi":{"B":"Họ được những người Pha-ri-si sai đến.","L":"Và họ đã được sai đến từ những người Pha-ri-si.","R":"Những người Pha-ri-si đã sai họ đến."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001024002","n43001024003"],"language":"en","target_span":"They had been sent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001024004"],"language":"en","target_span":"by"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001024005","n43001024006"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Pharisees"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001024002","n43001024003","n43001024004","n43001024005","n43001024006"],"choice":"the envoys had been sent on behalf of the Pharisees","alternatives":["some Pharisees had also been sent: a second group, or members of the same group"],"reason":"ἐκ with \"the Pharisees\" can mean \"from\" a group as the senders, or \"some of\" the group (as in 1:35, \"two of his disciples\"). Verse 19 has just named the senders as the leaders in Jerusalem, and this verse adds that the Pharisees were behind the questions. But the Greek can also say that some Pharisees had been sent, perhaps as a further delegation that asks the question in verse 25. Literal keeps the open wording; a footnote gives the other reading.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001024002"],"choice":"no article before \"sent\" (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["with the article: those who had been sent were from the Pharisees (many later manuscripts)"],"reason":"Many later manuscripts add the article, which makes the verse say that the same envoys came from the Pharisees. The older reading leaves it more open (meaning decision m1). The difference is small, so no separate footnote.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001024006"],"choice":"Pharisees: a movement devoted to keeping the law exactly","alternatives":[],"reason":"The Pharisees were a group within Judaism known for careful keeping of the law of Moses and the traditions that explained it, and they had wide influence among the people. In John they question Jesus often (7:32; 9:13-16).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001024002","n43001024003","n43001024004","n43001024005","n43001024006"],"choice":"enviados de los fariseos (L)","alternatives":["enviados por los fariseos"],"reason":"Spanish \"de\" can mean \"from\" or \"some of\", as the Greek preposition can, so Literal keeps the question of meaning decision m1 open. Balanced and Readable follow the reading the decision prefers.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.25.s1","refs":["JHN.1.25"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001025001","n43001025002","n43001025003","n43001025004","n43001025005","n43001025006","n43001025007","n43001025008","n43001025009","n43001025010","n43001025011","n43001025012","n43001025013","n43001025014","n43001025015","n43001025016","n43001025017","n43001025018","n43001025019","n43001025020"],"text":"καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Τί οὖν βαπτίζεις εἰ σὺ οὐκ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς οὐδὲ Ἠλίας οὐδὲ ὁ προφήτης;"},"literal_gloss":"And they asked him and said to him, \"Why then do you baptize if you not are the Christ nor Elijah nor the prophet?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"They questioned him further: \"Why are you baptizing, then, if you are not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}, or Elijah, or the Prophet?\"","L":"And they asked him and said to him, \"Why then do you baptize, if you are not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?\"","R":"They asked him, \"You are not the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}, or Elijah, or the Prophet. So why are you baptizing people?\""},"es":{"B":"Siguieron preguntándole: «Entonces, ¿por qué bautizas, si no eres el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}, ni Elías, ni el Profeta?».","L":"Y le preguntaron y le dijeron: «¿Por qué, pues, bautizas, si tú no eres el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}, ni Elías, ni el Profeta?».","R":"Le preguntaron: «Tú no eres el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}, ni Elías, ni el Profeta. Entonces, ¿por qué bautizas a la gente?»."},"fr":{"B":"Ils continuèrent à l’interroger : « Pourquoi donc baptises-tu, si tu n’es ni le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}, ni Élie, ni le Prophète ? »","L":"Et ils l’interrogèrent et lui dirent : « Pourquoi donc baptises-tu, si tu n’es ni le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}, ni Élie, ni le Prophète ? »","R":"Ils lui ont demandé : « Tu n’es ni le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}, ni Élie, ni le Prophète. Alors pourquoi est-ce que tu baptises les gens ? »"},"ko":{"B":"그들이 다시 물었다. \"당신이 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}도, 엘리야도, 그 예언자도 아니라면, 왜 세례를 주고 있습니까?\"","L":"그들이 그에게 묻고 말했다. \"당신이 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}도 아니고 엘리야도 아니고 그 예언자도 아니라면, 그러면 왜 세례를 줍니까?\"","R":"그들이 물었다. \"당신은 {{christos:그리스도|메시아}}도 아니고, 엘리야도 아니고, 그 예언자도 아닙니다. 그런데 왜 사람들에게 세례를 줍니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"Wakaendelea kumhoji: \"Basi kwa nini unabatiza, ikiwa wewe siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}, wala Eliya, wala yule Nabii?\"","L":"Wakamwuliza, wakamwambia, \"Basi mbona unabatiza, ikiwa wewe siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}, wala Eliya, wala yule Nabii?\"","R":"Wakamwuliza, \"Wewe siye {{christos:Kristo|Masihi}}, wala Eliya, wala yule Nabii. Basi kwa nini unawabatiza watu?\""},"vi":{"B":"Họ lại chất vấn ông: \"Nếu ông không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}, không phải Ê-li, cũng không phải Đấng Tiên Tri, thì tại sao ông làm báp-têm?\"","L":"Và họ hỏi ông và nói với ông: \"Vậy sao ông làm báp-têm, nếu ông không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}, cũng không phải Ê-li, cũng không phải Đấng Tiên Tri?\"","R":"Họ hỏi ông: \"Ông không phải là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}}, không phải Ê-li, cũng không phải Đấng Tiên Tri. Vậy tại sao ông làm báp-têm cho người ta?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025002"],"language":"en","target_span":"They questioned"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025003"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025007"],"language":"en","target_span":"Why"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025009"],"language":"en","target_span":"are you baptizing"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025008"],"language":"en","target_span":"then"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025010"],"language":"en","target_span":"if"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025011"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025013"],"language":"en","target_span":"are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025012"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025014","n43001025015"],"language":"en","target_span":"the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025016"],"language":"en","target_span":"or"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025017"],"language":"en","target_span":"Elijah"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025018"],"language":"en","target_span":"or"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001025019","n43001025020"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Prophet"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001025009"],"choice":"baptizing: immersing others in water as a sign of turning back to God","alternatives":[],"reason":"βαπτίζω means to dip or immerse. Jews washed themselves to be ritually clean, but John immersed other people, calling Israel to turn back to God before the coming one arrived. The envoys assume that such an act needs authority from one of the figures God had promised; the prophets had spoken of God cleansing his people with water in the coming age (Ezekiel 36:25; Zechariah 13:1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001025002","n43001025003","n43001025004","n43001025005","n43001025006"],"choice":"asked and said: two verbs for one question","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"Asked him and said to him\" is a Hebrew way of introducing speech. It is one question, not two.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001025014","n43001025015"],"choice":"the {{christos:Christ|Messiah}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 20: a title with the article.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001025010","n43001025011","n43001025012","n43001025013","n43001025014","n43001025015","n43001025016","n43001025017","n43001025018","n43001025019","n43001025020"],"choice":"the three denials first, then the question","alternatives":["one long question"],"reason":"Readable states what John has said he is not, then asks the question, in two short sentences.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001025014","n43001025015"],"choice":"le {{christos:Christ|Messie}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 20: a title with the article.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001025014","n43001025015"],"choice":"el {{christos:Cristo|Mesías}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 20: a title with the article.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001025010","n43001025011","n43001025012","n43001025013","n43001025014","n43001025015","n43001025016","n43001025017","n43001025018","n43001025019","n43001025020"],"choice":"the three denials first, then the question","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable states what John has said he is not, then asks the question.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001025010","n43001025011","n43001025012","n43001025013","n43001025014","n43001025015","n43001025016","n43001025017","n43001025018","n43001025019","n43001025020"],"choice":"the \"if\" clause before \"why then do you baptize?\"","alternatives":["question first, then \"... 아니라면 말입니다\""],"reason":"Korean puts a conditional clause before the main clause, so even Literal cannot keep the Greek order of question then condition.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001025009"],"choice":"\"làm báp-têm\" (baptize)","alternatives":["\"làm phép rửa\" (Catholic)","\"nhúng nước\""],"reason":"The Protestant word, in line with the names and terms of this translation; Catholic readers say \"làm phép rửa\". Not in the style guide's term table, so recorded for a reviewer.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.26.s1","refs":["JHN.1.26","JHN.1.27"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001026001","n43001026002","n43001026003","n43001026004","n43001026005","n43001026006","n43001026007","n43001026008","n43001026009","n43001026010","n43001026011","n43001026012","n43001026013","n43001026014","n43001026015","n43001026016","n43001027001","n43001027002","n43001027003","n43001027004","n43001027005","n43001027006","n43001027007","n43001027008","n43001027009","n43001027010","n43001027011","n43001027012","n43001027013","n43001027014","n43001027015"],"text":"ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰωάννης λέγων· Ἐγὼ βαπτίζω ἐν ὕδατι· μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν ὃν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε, ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος ἵνα λύσω αὐτοῦ τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος."},"literal_gloss":"Answered them the John saying, \"I baptize in water; in midst of you stands [one] whom you not know, \\v 27 the [one] after me coming, of whom not I am worthy that I should untie his the strap of the sandal.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"John answered them, \"I baptize with water. But someone stands among you whom you do not know. \\v 27 He is the one who comes after me, and I am not worthy even to untie the strap of {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} sandal.\"","L":"John answered them, saying, \"I baptize in water; among you stands [one] whom you do not know, \\v 27 the one coming after me, of whom I am not worthy that I should untie {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} sandal strap.\"","R":"John answered, \"I baptize people with water. But someone is standing here among you, and you do not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. \\v 27 He is coming after me. I am not good enough even to untie {{deity_pronoun:his|His}} sandals, which was a servant's job.\""},"es":{"B":"Juan les respondió: «Yo bautizo con agua. Pero en medio de {{plural_you:ustedes|vosotros}} está alguien a quien {{plural_you:ustedes no conocen|vosotros no conocéis}}. \\v 27 Él es el que viene después de mí, y yo no soy digno ni siquiera de desatarle la correa de la sandalia».","L":"Juan les respondió diciendo: «Yo bautizo en agua; en medio de {{plural_you:ustedes|vosotros}} está uno a quien {{plural_you:ustedes no conocen|vosotros no conocéis}}, \\v 27 el que viene después de mí, de quien no soy digno de desatarle la correa de la sandalia».","R":"Juan les respondió: «Yo bautizo a la gente con agua. Pero aquí entre {{plural_you:ustedes|vosotros}} hay alguien a quien no {{plural_you:conocen|conocéis}}. \\v 27 Viene después de mí. Yo ni siquiera merezco desatarle las sandalias, que era el trabajo de un siervo»."},"fr":{"B":"Jean leur répondit : « Moi, je baptise avec de l’eau. Mais au milieu de vous se tient quelqu’un que vous ne connaissez pas. \\v 27 C’est celui qui vient après moi, et je ne suis pas même digne de défaire la lanière de {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} sandale. »","L":"Jean leur répondit en disant : « Moi, je baptise dans [l’]eau ; au milieu de vous se tient [quelqu’un] que vous ne connaissez pas, \\v 27 celui qui vient après moi, dont je ne suis pas digne de délier la lanière de {{deity_pronoun:sa|Sa}} sandale. »","R":"Jean leur a répondu : « Moi, je baptise les gens avec de l’eau. Mais il y a ici, au milieu de vous, quelqu’un que vous ne connaissez pas. \\v 27 Il vient après moi. Je ne mérite même pas de détacher {{deity_pronoun:ses|Ses}} sandales, alors que c’est le travail d’un serviteur. »"},"ko":{"B":"요한이 대답했다. \"나는 물로 세례를 줍니다. 그런데 여러분 가운데 여러분이 알지 못하는 분이 서 계십니다. \\v 27 그분은 내 뒤에 오시는 분인데, 나는 그분의 신발 끈을 풀어 드릴 자격조차 없습니다.\"","L":"요한이 그들에게 대답하여 말했다. \"나는 물로 세례를 줍니다. 여러분 가운데 여러분이 알지 못하는 [분이] 서 계십니다. \\v 27 내 뒤에 오시는 분입니다. 나는 그분의 신발 끈을 풀 자격이 없습니다.\"","R":"요한이 대답했다. \"나는 사람들에게 물로 세례를 줍니다. 그런데 여러분 가운데 한 분이 서 계십니다. 여러분은 그분을 알지 못합니다. \\v 27 그분은 내 뒤에 오십니다. 신발 끈을 푸는 일은 종이 하는 일이지만, 나는 그분께 그 일조차 해 드릴 자격이 없습니다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Yohana akawajibu, \"Mimi nabatiza kwa maji. Lakini katikati yenu yupo mtu msiyemjua. \\v 27 Yeye ndiye anayekuja baada yangu, nami sistahili hata kufungua kamba ya viatu {{deity_pronoun:vyake|Vyake}}.\"","L":"Yohana akawajibu, akisema, \"Mimi nabatiza katika maji; katikati yenu anasimama [mtu] msiyemjua, \\v 27 anayekuja nyuma yangu, ambaye mimi sistahili kufungua kamba ya kiatu {{deity_pronoun:chake|Chake}}.\"","R":"Yohana akajibu, \"Mimi ninawabatiza watu kwa maji. Lakini kuna mtu amesimama hapa kati yenu, nanyi hamumjui. \\v 27 Yeye anakuja baada yangu. Mimi sistahili hata kufungua viatu {{deity_pronoun:vyake|Vyake}}, kazi ambayo ilikuwa ya mtumishi.\""},"vi":{"B":"Giăng trả lời họ: \"Tôi làm báp-têm bằng nước. Nhưng có một Đấng đang đứng giữa các ông mà các ông không biết. \\v 27 Ngài là Đấng đến sau tôi, và tôi không đáng ngay cả cởi quai dép cho {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.\"","L":"Giăng trả lời họ rằng: \"Tôi làm báp-têm trong nước; ở giữa các ông có [một Đấng] đang đứng mà các ông không biết, \\v 27 là Đấng đến sau tôi, mà tôi không xứng đáng để cởi quai dép của {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.\"","R":"Giăng trả lời: \"Tôi làm báp-têm cho người ta bằng nước. Nhưng có một Đấng đang đứng ngay giữa các ông, và các ông không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}. \\v 27 Ngài đến sau tôi. Tôi không xứng đáng ngay cả cởi dép cho {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, là việc của một người đầy tớ.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026003","n43001026004"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026001"],"language":"en","target_span":"answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026002"],"language":"en","target_span":"them"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026006"],"language":"en","target_span":"I"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026007"],"language":"en","target_span":"baptize"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026008"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026009"],"language":"en","target_span":"water"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026012"],"language":"en","target_span":"someone stands"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026010","n43001026011"],"language":"en","target_span":"among you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026013"],"language":"en","target_span":"whom"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026014"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026015"],"language":"en","target_span":"do not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001026016"],"language":"en","target_span":"know"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027001","n43001027004"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one who comes"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027002","n43001027003"],"language":"en","target_span":"after me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027007"],"language":"en","target_span":"I am"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027006"],"language":"en","target_span":"not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027008"],"language":"en","target_span":"worthy"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027009","n43001027010"],"language":"en","target_span":"to untie"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027012","n43001027013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the strap"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027005","n43001027011"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001027014","n43001027015"],"language":"en","target_span":"sandal"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"in water or with water: the water John immerses people in","alternatives":[],"reason":"ἐν can name the element (\"in water\") or the means (\"with water\"); both describe the same act. The phrase is set against baptizing \"in the Holy Spirit\" in verse 33: John's washing is outward, and the one coming gives the Spirit.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001026010","n43001026011","n43001026012","n43001026013","n43001026014","n43001026015","n43001026016"],"choice":"two statements side by side: I baptize; but among you stands one","alternatives":[],"reason":"The second statement is John's real answer to \"why do you baptize?\": his baptism points to someone already present and not yet recognized (compare 1:10, the world did not know him). The perfect ἕστηκεν pictures him as having taken his place among them.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001027001","n43001027002","n43001027003","n43001027004"],"choice":"the one coming after me: later in time, as in 1:15 and 1:30","alternatives":["following John as his disciple"],"reason":"ὀπίσω can describe a disciple walking behind a teacher, but here, as in 1:15 and 1:30, it is the one who comes after John in time and ranks above him.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001027009","n43001027010","n43001027011","n43001027012","n43001027013","n43001027014","n43001027015"],"choice":"untying sandals was a slave's task","alternatives":[],"reason":"Sandals were tied on with leather straps. Untying and removing a master's sandals, and washing his feet, was the work of a slave (compare 13:4-14). John ranks himself below a slave beside the one who is coming.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"in water (L); with water (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Literal keeps the preposition's basic sense; Balanced and Readable use the usual English phrase (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001027011"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:his|His}}, {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"Every pronoun for Christ uses the deity_pronoun setting; at the start of a sentence \"He\" is written plain.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001027009","n43001027010","n43001027011","n43001027012","n43001027013","n43001027014","n43001027015"],"choice":"which was a servant's job","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable says why untying sandals was so low a task (meaning decision m4). It says \"servant\", as Balanced and Readable do for the word for a slave (style guide).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"dans [l’]eau","alternatives":["dans l’eau","d’eau"],"reason":"The Greek has no article, and French cannot say \"dans eau\", so Literal brackets the article. The same applies to \"[l’]Esprit Saint\" in verse 33. Balanced and Readable say \"avec de l’eau\", following the English (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"katika maji (L); kwa maji (B, R)","alternatives":["kwa maji at every level"],"reason":"Literal says \"in water\", the element John immerses people in; Balanced and Readable say \"with water\", the usual Swahili for baptizing, as the English does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"en agua (L); con agua (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Literal keeps the preposition's basic sense; Balanced and Readable use the usual Spanish phrase (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001027011"],"choice":"no deity_pronoun span","alternatives":[],"reason":"Following the convention set in 1:1-18, the Spanish deity_pronoun setting covers stressed pronouns for Christ (él, tú, mí); clitics such as \"desatarle\" and possessives are not spanned. A sentence-initial \"Él\" is written plain, as English writes \"He\". Whether Spanish should also span clitics and possessives, as French does, is open for review.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001027009","n43001027010","n43001027011","n43001027012","n43001027013","n43001027014","n43001027015"],"choice":"que era el trabajo de un siervo","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable says why untying sandals was so low a task (meaning decision m4), with \"siervo\" as in English.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001026008","n43001026009"],"choice":"\"물로\" at every level","alternatives":["\"물속에서\" (L)","\"물에\" (L)"],"reason":"Korean \"물로 세례를 주다\" covers both \"in water\" and \"with water\"; \"물속에서\" would sound like John stood under water. The English Literal's \"in water\" has no natural Korean counterpart.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001027011"],"choice":"\"그분\" with no deity_pronoun span, through 1:19-51","alternatives":["a deity_pronoun span on \"그분\""],"reason":"Korean has no capital letters, so the Korean text has no deity_pronoun spans; respect for Jesus is carried by \"그분\", \"분\" and the honorific -시- at every level. John speaks to the envoys as \"여러분\" (you, plural, polite).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001027013","n43001027015"],"choice":"\"quai dép\" (sandal strap)","alternatives":["\"dây giày\" (shoelace)"],"reason":"The Greek is a sandal and its strap; \"dây giày\", familiar from the 1926 version, now means the laces of a modern shoe.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.28.s1","refs":["JHN.1.28"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001028001","n43001028002","n43001028003","n43001028004","n43001028005","n43001028006","n43001028007","n43001028008","n43001028009","n43001028010","n43001028011","n43001028012"],"text":"ταῦτα ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ἐγένετο πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, ὅπου ἦν ὁ Ἰωάννης βαπτίζων."},"literal_gloss":"These things in Bethany took place across the Jordan, where was the John baptizing.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"All this happened at Bethany on the east side of the Jordan River, where John was baptizing.","L":"These things happened in Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.","R":"All this happened at a place called Bethany, on the east side of the Jordan River. John was baptizing people there."},"es":{"B":"Todo esto sucedió en Betania, al este del río Jordán, donde Juan estaba bautizando.","L":"Estas cosas sucedieron en Betania, al otro lado del Jordán, donde Juan estaba bautizando.","R":"Todo esto sucedió en un lugar llamado Betania, al este del río Jordán. Allí Juan bautizaba a la gente."},"fr":{"B":"Tout cela se passa à Béthanie, sur la rive est du Jourdain, où Jean baptisait.","L":"Ces choses eurent lieu à Béthanie, au-delà du Jourdain, là où Jean baptisait.","R":"Tout cela s’est passé dans un endroit appelé Béthanie, à l’est du fleuve Jourdain. C’est là que Jean baptisait les gens."},"ko":{"B":"이 모든 일은 요단강 동쪽 베다니에서 일어났다. 요한이 세례를 주던 곳이었다.","L":"이 일들은 요단 건너편 베다니에서 일어났는데, 그곳은 요한이 세례를 주고 있던 곳이었다.","R":"이 모든 일은 요단강 동쪽에 있는 베다니라는 곳에서 일어났다. 요한은 그곳에서 사람들에게 세례를 주고 있었다."},"sw":{"B":"Haya yote yalitokea Bethania, upande wa mashariki wa Mto Yordani, mahali Yohana alipokuwa akibatiza.","L":"Mambo haya yalitokea Bethania ng'ambo ya Yordani, mahali Yohana alipokuwa akibatiza.","R":"Haya yote yalitokea mahali palipoitwa Bethania, upande wa mashariki wa Mto Yordani. Yohana alikuwa akiwabatiza watu huko."},"vi":{"B":"Mọi việc này đã xảy ra tại Bê-tha-ni, phía đông sông Giô-đanh, nơi Giăng đang làm báp-têm.","L":"Những việc này đã xảy ra tại Bê-tha-ni bên kia [sông] Giô-đanh, nơi Giăng đang làm báp-têm.","R":"Mọi việc này xảy ra tại một nơi gọi là Bê-tha-ni, ở phía đông sông Giô-đanh. Giăng đang làm báp-têm cho người ta tại đó."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028001"],"language":"en","target_span":"All this"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028004"],"language":"en","target_span":"happened"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028002"],"language":"en","target_span":"at"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028003"],"language":"en","target_span":"Bethany"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028005"],"language":"en","target_span":"on the east side of"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028006","n43001028007"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Jordan River"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028008"],"language":"en","target_span":"where"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028010","n43001028011"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028009"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001028012"],"language":"en","target_span":"baptizing"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001028003"],"choice":"Bethany (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["Bethabara","Betharaba"],"reason":"The oldest manuscripts read Bethany. Origen, in the early 200s, could not find a Bethany by the Jordan and preferred Bethabara, a reading found in many later manuscripts and in the King James Version. A footnote gives it. Reviewers should check this note against the apparatus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001028003","n43001028004","n43001028005","n43001028006","n43001028007"],"choice":"a Bethany east of the Jordan, not the village near Jerusalem","alternatives":[],"reason":"John 11:18 places another Bethany, the home of Lazarus, Martha and Mary, near Jerusalem. \"Beyond the Jordan\" marks this one as east of the river, as seen from Judea; its exact site is not known for certain. Jesus returns there in 10:40.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001028005","n43001028006","n43001028007"],"choice":"on the east side of the Jordan River","alternatives":["beyond the Jordan"],"reason":"Says plainly what \"beyond\" means from Judea, and that the Jordan is a river (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001028005","n43001028006","n43001028007"],"choice":"al este del río Jordán","alternatives":["al otro lado del Jordán"],"reason":"As in English: says plainly what \"beyond\" means from Judea, and that the Jordan is a river (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.29.s1","refs":["JHN.1.29"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001029001","n43001029002","n43001029003","n43001029004","n43001029005","n43001029006","n43001029007","n43001029008","n43001029009","n43001029010","n43001029011","n43001029012","n43001029013","n43001029014","n43001029015","n43001029016","n43001029017","n43001029018","n43001029019","n43001029020","n43001029021"],"text":"Τῇ ἐπαύριον βλέπει τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ λέγει· Ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου."},"literal_gloss":"On the next day he sees the Jesus coming toward him, and says, \"Look, the lamb of the God, the [one] taking away the sin of the world.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, \"Look, there is the Lamb of God, who carries away the sin of the world!","L":"On the next day he sees Jesus coming toward him, and says, \"Look, the Lamb of God, the one taking away the sin of the world!","R":"The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him. John said, \"Look! There is the Lamb of God, who takes the world's sin away!"},"es":{"B":"Al día siguiente, Juan vio a Jesús que venía hacia él y dijo: «¡Ahí está el Cordero de Dios, que se lleva el pecado del mundo!","L":"Al día siguiente ve a Jesús que viene hacia él, y dice: «¡He aquí el Cordero de Dios, el que quita el pecado del mundo!","R":"Al día siguiente, Juan vio que Jesús venía hacia él. Entonces dijo: «¡{{plural_you:Miren|Mirad}}! ¡Ahí está el Cordero de Dios, que quita el pecado del mundo!"},"fr":{"B":"Le lendemain, Jean vit Jésus venir vers lui et dit : « Voici l’Agneau de Dieu, qui emporte le péché du monde !","L":"Le lendemain, il voit Jésus qui vient vers lui, et il dit : « Voici l’Agneau de Dieu, celui qui enlève le péché du monde !","R":"Le lendemain, Jean a vu Jésus qui venait vers lui. Il a dit : « Voici l’Agneau de Dieu ! C’est {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} qui enlève le péché du monde !"},"ko":{"B":"다음 날 요한은 예수께서 자기에게 오시는 것을 보고 말했다. \"보아라, 저기 하나님의 어린양이 계신다! 세상의 죄를 짊어지고 가시는 분이다!","L":"다음 날 그는 예수께서 자기에게로 오시는 것을 본다. 그리고 말한다. \"보아라, 하나님의 어린양, 세상의 죄를 들어 없애시는 분이다!","R":"다음 날 요한은 예수께서 자기 쪽으로 오시는 것을 보았다. 요한이 말했다. \"보아라! 저기 하나님의 어린양이 계신다! 저분이 세상의 죄를 없애 주신다!"},"sw":{"B":"Kesho yake Yohana alimwona Yesu akija kwake, akasema, \"Tazama, huyu ndiye Mwanakondoo wa Mungu, anayeichukua dhambi ya ulimwengu!","L":"Kesho yake anamwona Yesu akija kwake, naye anasema, \"Tazama, Mwanakondoo wa Mungu, anayeiondoa dhambi ya ulimwengu!","R":"Kesho yake Yohana alimwona Yesu akija kwake. Yohana akasema, \"Tazama! Huyu ndiye Mwanakondoo wa Mungu, anayeondoa dhambi ya ulimwengu!"},"vi":{"B":"Hôm sau, Giăng thấy Đức Giê-xu đến với mình thì nói: \"Kìa, Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời, Đấng mang đi tội lỗi của thế gian!","L":"Ngày hôm sau, ông thấy Đức Giê-xu đến với mình, và nói: \"Kìa, Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời, Đấng cất đi tội lỗi của thế gian!","R":"Hôm sau, Giăng thấy Đức Giê-xu đang đi về phía mình. Giăng nói: \"Hãy nhìn kìa! Đó là Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời, Đấng cất tội lỗi của thế gian đi!"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029001","n43001029002"],"language":"en","target_span":"The next day"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029003"],"language":"en","target_span":"saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029004","n43001029005"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029006"],"language":"en","target_span":"coming"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029007","n43001029008"],"language":"en","target_span":"toward him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029009"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029010"],"language":"en","target_span":"said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029011"],"language":"en","target_span":"Look"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029012","n43001029013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Lamb"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029014","n43001029015"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029016"],"language":"en","target_span":"who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029017"],"language":"en","target_span":"carries away"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029018","n43001029019"],"language":"en","target_span":"the sin"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001029020","n43001029021"],"language":"en","target_span":"of the world"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001029012","n43001029013","n43001029014","n43001029015"],"choice":"the Lamb of God: the lamb God provides as a sacrifice for sin; the Passover lamb and the lamb of Isaiah 53 are both in view","alternatives":["only the Passover lamb","only the servant of Isaiah 53","a conquering leader, as the Lamb is pictured in Revelation"],"reason":"Several Old Testament pictures meet here. In Genesis 22:8 Abraham tells Isaac that God will provide the lamb. At the first Passover the blood of a lamb protected Israel (Exodus 12); John later places Jesus's death on the day the Passover lambs were killed (19:14) and applies to him the rule that none of the lamb's bones may be broken (19:36; Exodus 12:46). Isaiah 53:7 compares the LORD's servant to a lamb led to the slaughter, and says he bore the sin of many (53:12). Lambs were also offered every morning and evening in the temple (Exodus 29:38-42). John does not choose between these, and the translation keeps the title as he gives it. A footnote gives the background.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001029017"],"choice":"takes away: lifts sin up and carries it off","alternatives":["bears, carries the weight of","puts an end to"],"reason":"αἴρω means to lift up and carry away; here it includes both carrying sin and removing it. The present participle describes what he does, his work, rather than one moment.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001029019"],"choice":"sin, singular: the world's sin as a whole","alternatives":["individual sins"],"reason":"John speaks of the sin of the world as one great burden, not a list of wrongs.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001029021"],"choice":"world: humanity, all people","alternatives":["the created order","the Gentiles only"],"reason":"Key term. Here κόσμου means humanity as a whole, cut off from God by its sin; the Lamb is for the whole world, not Israel alone (compare 3:16-17; 4:42).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001029003","n43001029010"],"choice":"John saw ... said","alternatives":["he sees ... says"],"reason":"Past tense, as in verse 21; Balanced and Readable name John, since \"he\" could be taken as Jesus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029011"],"choice":"Look","alternatives":["Behold"],"reason":"Ἴδε calls attention: \"look, here is\". The style guide does not use \"behold\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029017"],"choice":"carries away (B); takes ... away (R)","alternatives":["takes away"],"reason":"Balanced's \"carries away\" keeps both parts of the verb (meaning decision m2); Readable uses the simplest words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029011","n43001029012","n43001029013","n43001029014","n43001029015"],"choice":"Voici l’Agneau de Dieu","alternatives":["Regardez, l’Agneau de Dieu","Voyez l’Agneau de Dieu"],"reason":"\"Voici\" is the ordinary French word for pointing someone out, which is what the Greek word does; it is not archaic, as \"behold\" is in English, so French needs no \"Regardez\". \"Agneau\" has a capital as a title (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029017"],"choice":"celui qui enlève (L); qui emporte (B); C’est {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} qui enlève (R)","alternatives":["qui ôte"],"reason":"\"Ôter\" is the older word. Balanced's \"emporte\" keeps both parts of the verb, lifting and carrying off (meaning decision m2); Literal and Readable use the plain \"enlever\". Readable makes the clause a short sentence of its own, so it needs a pronoun, with the deity_pronoun setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029012","n43001029013","n43001029014","n43001029015"],"choice":"Mwanakondoo wa Mungu (for the whole book)","alternatives":["Kondoo wa Mungu"],"reason":"\"Mwanakondoo\" is a lamb, a young sheep, the animal of the Passover and the daily sacrifice; \"kondoo\" is any sheep. Written as one word and capitalised as a title.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029017"],"choice":"anayeiondoa (L); anayeichukua (B); anayeondoa (R)","alternatives":["anayeondoa at every level"],"reason":"The verb means to lift up and carry off. Balanced says \"anayeichukua\" (who carries it away), the picture in the meaning note; Literal and Readable say \"anayeondoa\" (who takes it away).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001029003","n43001029010"],"choice":"Juan vio ... dijo","alternatives":[],"reason":"Past tense, as in verse 21; Balanced and Readable name John, since the subject could be taken as Jesus. \"Hacia él\" is John and has no setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029011"],"choice":"he aquí (L); ahí está (B); miren, ahí está (R)","alternatives":["mirad"],"reason":"The Greek word calls attention. \"He aquí\" is formal but still current in Spanish, so Literal may keep it; Balanced and Readable point in everyday words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029017"],"choice":"se lleva (B); quita (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"Llevarse\" is to take something up and carry it off, both parts of the verb (meaning decision m2). Readable uses the simplest word.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029011","n43001029013","n43001029017"],"choice":"\"보아라\"; \"하나님의 어린양\" with honorifics (\"계신다\", \"가시는 분\")","alternatives":["\"보라\"","\"어린양이다\" without honorific"],"reason":"\"보아라\" is the modern plain imperative; \"보라\" is the older written form. \"하나님의 어린양\" is the style guide's term; because the Lamb is Jesus, John speaks of him with the honorific. \"들어 없애다\" (L) keeps the picture of lifting up and removing; \"짊어지고 가다\" (B) and \"없애 주다\" (R) give the sense.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001029013","n43001029014","n43001029015"],"choice":"\"Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời\", capitalised as a title","alternatives":["\"con chiên của Đức Chúa Trời\""],"reason":"A title of Jesus, settled for the book; \"chiên con\" is a young sheep, the sacrificial animal the meaning decision points to.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.30.s1","refs":["JHN.1.30"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001030001","n43001030002","n43001030003","n43001030004","n43001030005","n43001030006","n43001030007","n43001030008","n43001030009","n43001030010","n43001030011","n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014","n43001030015","n43001030016","n43001030017","n43001030018"],"text":"οὗτός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον· Ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεται ἀνὴρ ὃς ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν·"},"literal_gloss":"This is [he] concerning whom I said, 'After me comes a man who ahead of me has become, because first of me he was.'","renderings":{"en":{"B":"This is the one I meant when I said, 'A man who comes after me ranks ahead of me, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed before me.'","L":"This is [the one] concerning whom I said, 'After me comes a man who has come to be ahead of me, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was before me.'","R":"He is the one I was talking about when I said, 'A man is coming after me who is greater than I am, because {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed before me.'"},"es":{"B":"Este es aquel de quien yo dije: “Después de mí viene un hombre que es superior a mí, porque existía antes que yo”.","L":"Este es [aquel] de quien yo dije: “Después de mí viene un varón que ha llegado a estar delante de mí, porque era antes que yo”.","R":"Él es de quien yo hablaba cuando dije: “Después de mí viene un hombre que es más importante que yo, porque existía antes que yo”."},"fr":{"B":"C’est celui dont je parlais quand j’ai dit : “Après moi vient un homme qui est placé au-dessus de moi, car {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} existait avant moi.”","L":"Celui-ci est [celui] au sujet duquel j’ai dit : “Après moi vient un homme qui est passé devant moi, parce qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} était avant moi.”","R":"C’est de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} que je parlais quand j’ai dit : “Après moi vient un homme qui est plus grand que moi, parce qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} existait avant moi.”"},"ko":{"B":"이분이 바로 내가 말한 분이다. '내 뒤에 오시는 한 사람이 나보다 앞서신다. 그분은 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다.'","L":"이분은 내가 이렇게 말한 바로 그분이다. '내 뒤에 한 사람이 오시는데, 그분은 나보다 앞서게 되셨다. 그분이 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다.'","R":"내가 말하던 분이 바로 이분이다. 나는 '내 뒤에 한 사람이 오시는데, 그분은 나보다 더 크신 분이다. 그분은 나보다 먼저 계셨기 때문이다' 하고 말했다."},"sw":{"B":"Huyu ndiye niliyemaanisha niliposema, 'Mtu anayekuja baada yangu ni mkuu kuliko mimi, kwa sababu alikuwako kabla yangu.'","L":"Huyu ndiye niliyesema habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}}, 'Nyuma yangu anakuja mtu ambaye amekuwa mbele yangu, kwa sababu alikuwako kabla yangu.'","R":"Yeye ndiye niliyekuwa nikimzungumzia niliposema, 'Anakuja mtu baada yangu aliye mkuu kuliko mimi, kwa sababu alikuwepo kabla yangu.'"},"vi":{"B":"Đây là Đấng tôi muốn nói khi bảo rằng: 'Có một người đến sau tôi nhưng cao trọng hơn tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã hiện hữu trước tôi.'","L":"Đây là [Đấng] mà tôi đã nói đến: 'Sau tôi có một người đến, là người đã vượt lên trước tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã có trước tôi.'","R":"Ngài là Đấng tôi đã nói đến khi tôi bảo: 'Có một người sẽ đến sau tôi nhưng lớn hơn tôi, vì {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đã có trước tôi.'"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030001"],"language":"en","target_span":"This"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030002"],"language":"en","target_span":"is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030003","n43001030004"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one I meant"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030005","n43001030006"],"language":"en","target_span":"I said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030010"],"language":"en","target_span":"A man"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030011"],"language":"en","target_span":"who"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030009"],"language":"en","target_span":"comes"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030007","n43001030008"],"language":"en","target_span":"after me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014"],"language":"en","target_span":"ranks ahead of me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030015"],"language":"en","target_span":"because"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030018"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} existed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001030016","n43001030017"],"language":"en","target_span":"before me"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001030006","n43001030007","n43001030008","n43001030009","n43001030010","n43001030011","n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014","n43001030015","n43001030016","n43001030017","n43001030018"],"choice":"John repeats his words of 1:15","alternatives":[],"reason":"John quotes himself, as verse 15 already did, with the same two contrasts: ahead of me in rank, and before me in existence (see the meaning decisions at 1:15).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001030010"],"choice":"a man: a male person, Jesus","alternatives":["a person"],"reason":"ἀνὴρ is the word for a man as distinct from a woman, and it refers to Jesus, so the gender setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001030011","n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014","n43001030015","n43001030016","n43001030017","n43001030018"],"choice":"ranks ahead of me / is greater than I am; existed before me","alternatives":["has come to be ahead of me; was before me"],"reason":"The same wording as 1:15, so readers can see that John is repeating himself.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001030011","n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014","n43001030015","n43001030016","n43001030017","n43001030018"],"choice":"qui est passé devant moi (L); qui est placé au-dessus de moi (B); qui est plus grand que moi (R); était / existait avant moi","alternatives":["qui a pris rang avant moi","qui m’a précédé"],"reason":"John repeats his words of 1:15 (meaning decision m1), so each level uses the same French as 1:15. \"Passer devant\" keeps the Greek picture of moving ahead; Balanced and Readable say plainly that it is rank, not time. \"M’a précédé\" was avoided because it would say he came first in time, which the next clause says in other words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001030011","n43001030012","n43001030013","n43001030014","n43001030015","n43001030016","n43001030017","n43001030018"],"choice":"ha llegado a estar delante de mí / es superior a mí / más importante que yo; era / existía antes que yo","alternatives":[],"reason":"The same wording as 1:15 at each level, so readers can see that John is repeating himself.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001030010"],"choice":"varón (L); hombre (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in 1:13, Literal uses \"varón\" for the Greek word for a male person. It refers to Jesus, so the gender setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.31.s1","refs":["JHN.1.31"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001031001","n43001031002","n43001031003","n43001031004","n43001031005","n43001031006","n43001031007","n43001031008","n43001031009","n43001031010","n43001031011","n43001031012","n43001031013","n43001031014","n43001031015","n43001031016"],"text":"κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον ἐγὼ ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζων."},"literal_gloss":"And I not knew him, but so that he might be revealed to the Israel, because of this came I in water baptizing.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"I myself did not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, but I came baptizing with water so that {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} might be revealed to Israel.\"","L":"And I did not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, but so that {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} might be revealed to Israel, for this reason I came baptizing in water.\"","R":"I myself did not know who {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was. But I came and baptized people with water so that {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} could be shown to the people of Israel.\""},"es":{"B":"Yo mismo no lo conocía, pero vine bautizando con agua para que fuera revelado a Israel».","L":"Y yo no lo conocía, pero para que fuera manifestado a Israel, por esto vine yo bautizando en agua».","R":"Yo mismo no sabía quién era. Pero vine a bautizar a la gente con agua para que el pueblo de Israel lo conociera»."},"fr":{"B":"Moi-même, je ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} connaissais pas, mais je suis venu baptiser avec de l’eau pour qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} soit révélé à Israël. »","L":"Et moi, je ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} connaissais pas, mais afin qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} soit manifesté à Israël, c’est pour cela que je suis venu, moi, baptiser dans [l’]eau. »","R":"Moi-même, je ne savais pas qui {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} était. Mais je suis venu baptiser les gens avec de l’eau pour que le peuple d’Israël découvre qui {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} est. »"},"ko":{"B":"나 자신도 그분을 알지 못했다. 그러나 내가 와서 물로 세례를 준 것은 그분을 이스라엘에 드러내려는 것이었다.\"","L":"나도 그분을 알지 못했다. 그러나 그분이 이스라엘에 드러나시게 하려고, 이 때문에 내가 물로 세례를 주며 왔다.\"","R":"나도 그분이 누구신지 몰랐다. 그러나 나는 이스라엘 백성에게 그분을 알리려고 와서 사람들에게 물로 세례를 주었다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Mimi mwenyewe sikumjua, lakini nilikuja nikibatiza kwa maji ili adhihirishwe kwa Israeli.\"","L":"Nami sikumjua, lakini ili adhihirishwe kwa Israeli, kwa sababu hiyo mimi nilikuja nikibatiza katika maji.\"","R":"Mimi mwenyewe sikujua {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} ni nani. Lakini nilikuja kuwabatiza watu kwa maji ili aonyeshwe kwa watu wa Israeli.\""},"vi":{"B":"Chính tôi cũng không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng tôi đến làm báp-têm bằng nước là để {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} được bày tỏ cho Y-sơ-ra-ên.\"","L":"Và tôi đã không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng để {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} được tỏ ra cho Y-sơ-ra-ên, vì điều này tôi đã đến làm báp-têm trong nước.\"","R":"Chính tôi cũng đã không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} là ai. Nhưng tôi đến làm báp-têm cho người ta bằng nước để {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} được tỏ ra cho dân Y-sơ-ra-ên.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031001"],"language":"en","target_span":"I myself"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031002"],"language":"en","target_span":"did not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031003"],"language":"en","target_span":"know"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031004"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031005"],"language":"en","target_span":"but"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031012","n43001031013"],"language":"en","target_span":"I came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031016"],"language":"en","target_span":"baptizing"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031014"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031015"],"language":"en","target_span":"water"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031006"],"language":"en","target_span":"so that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031007"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} might be revealed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001031008","n43001031009"],"language":"en","target_span":"to Israel"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001031001","n43001031002","n43001031003","n43001031004"],"choice":"did not know him: did not know that he was the one","alternatives":["had never met him"],"reason":"Luke 1:36 makes John and Jesus relatives, so John may have known him as a person. What John did not know, until God gave him the sign (verse 33), was that Jesus was the coming one. κἀγὼ (\"and I\") is emphatic: John's not knowing is set against God's revealing.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001031005","n43001031006","n43001031007","n43001031008","n43001031009","n43001031010","n43001031011","n43001031012"],"choice":"the purpose of John's baptism: that Jesus be revealed to Israel","alternatives":[],"reason":"The purpose clause comes before the main verb for emphasis: this is why John came baptizing. φανερόω, to make visible, is one of John's words for Jesus showing who he is (2:11; 21:1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001031005","n43001031006","n43001031007","n43001031008","n43001031009","n43001031010","n43001031011","n43001031012","n43001031013","n43001031014","n43001031015","n43001031016"],"choice":"I came baptizing ... so that he might be revealed","alternatives":["so that he might be revealed ... for this reason I came"],"reason":"English puts the purpose after the main clause; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001031009"],"choice":"the people of Israel","alternatives":["Israel"],"reason":"Israel here is the people, not the land.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001031007"],"choice":"soit manifesté (L); soit révélé (B); le peuple d’Israël découvre qui il est (R)","alternatives":["soit montré au peuple d’Israël (R)"],"reason":"Literal keeps \"manifester\", which can be used for the same verb elsewhere in John (2:11; 21:1; meaning decision m2). Readable turns the passive into a plain active sentence that echoes \"je ne savais pas qui il était\"; the sense, that Israel comes to see who he is, is the same.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001031005","n43001031006","n43001031007","n43001031008","n43001031009","n43001031010","n43001031011","n43001031012","n43001031013","n43001031014","n43001031015","n43001031016"],"choice":"vine bautizando ... para que fuera revelado","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Balanced and Readable put the purpose after the main clause; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001031009"],"choice":"el pueblo de Israel","alternatives":[],"reason":"Israel here is the people, not the land.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001031009"],"choice":"\"Y-sơ-ra-ên\" for Israel","alternatives":["\"Ít-ra-en\" (Catholic)","\"Israel\""],"reason":"The Protestant transliteration, in line with the guide's names; the guide's list does not include Israel, so it is recorded for a reviewer.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.32.s1","refs":["JHN.1.32"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001032001","n43001032002","n43001032003","n43001032004","n43001032005","n43001032006","n43001032007","n43001032008","n43001032009","n43001032010","n43001032011","n43001032012","n43001032013","n43001032014","n43001032015","n43001032016","n43001032017"],"text":"καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων ὅτι Τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν·"},"literal_gloss":"And testified John saying that \"I have beheld the Spirit coming down as a dove out of heaven, and [it] remained upon him;","renderings":{"en":{"B":"John also gave this testimony: \"I saw the Spirit come down from heaven like a dove and remain on {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","L":"And John testified, saying, \"I have seen the Spirit coming down as a dove out of heaven, and [the Spirit] remained on {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","R":"John said, \"I saw the Spirit come down from heaven like a dove and remain on {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}."},"es":{"B":"Juan también dio este testimonio: «Vi al Espíritu bajar del cielo como una paloma y permanecer sobre {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}.","L":"Y Juan dio testimonio, diciendo: «He visto al Espíritu descender del cielo como paloma, y permaneció sobre {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}.","R":"Juan dijo: «Vi al Espíritu bajar del cielo como una paloma y permanecer sobre {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}."},"fr":{"B":"Jean rendit aussi ce témoignage : « J’ai vu l’Esprit descendre du ciel comme une colombe et demeurer sur {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}.","L":"Et Jean rendit témoignage en disant : « J’ai contemplé l’Esprit descendant du ciel comme une colombe, et [l’Esprit] est demeuré sur {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}.","R":"Jean a dit aussi : « J’ai vu l’Esprit descendre du ciel comme une colombe et rester sur {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}."},"ko":{"B":"요한은 또 이렇게 증언했다. \"나는 성령께서 비둘기처럼 하늘에서 내려와 그분 위에 머무르시는 것을 보았다.","L":"그리고 요한이 증언하여 말했다. \"나는 성령께서 비둘기처럼 하늘에서 내려오시는 것을 보았다. 그리고 [성령께서] 그분 위에 머무르셨다.","R":"요한이 말했다. \"나는 성령께서 비둘기처럼 하늘에서 내려와 그분 위에 머무르시는 것을 보았다."},"sw":{"B":"Yohana alitoa pia ushuhuda huu: \"Nilimwona Roho akishuka kutoka mbinguni kama njiwa, akakaa juu {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}}.","L":"Na Yohana akashuhudia, akisema, \"Nimemwona Roho akishuka kama njiwa kutoka mbinguni, naye akakaa juu {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}}.","R":"Yohana alisema, \"Nilimwona Roho akishuka kutoka mbinguni kama njiwa, akakaa juu {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}}."},"vi":{"B":"Giăng cũng làm chứng: \"Tôi đã thấy Thánh Linh từ trời giáng xuống như một chim bồ câu và ở lại trên {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","L":"Và Giăng đã làm chứng rằng: \"Tôi đã thấy Thánh Linh như chim bồ câu từ trời giáng xuống, và [Thánh Linh] đã ở lại trên {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","R":"Giăng nói: \"Tôi đã thấy Thánh Linh từ trời xuống như một con chim bồ câu và ở lại trên {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032003"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032002"],"language":"en","target_span":"gave this testimony"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032006"],"language":"en","target_span":"I saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032007","n43001032008"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Spirit"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032009"],"language":"en","target_span":"come down"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032012","n43001032013"],"language":"en","target_span":"from heaven"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032010"],"language":"en","target_span":"like"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032011"],"language":"en","target_span":"a dove"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032014"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032015"],"language":"en","target_span":"remain"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001032016","n43001032017"],"language":"en","target_span":"on {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001032008"],"choice":"the Spirit: the Holy Spirit","alternatives":["wind, breath"],"reason":"Verse 33 names him the Holy Spirit.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001032010","n43001032011"],"choice":"as a dove: the Spirit came down in a visible form like a dove","alternatives":["the Spirit came down the way a dove flies down"],"reason":"ὡς can compare the form or the manner. Luke 3:22 says the Spirit came down \"in bodily form, like a dove\", which supports a visible form; John says no more than that he saw it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"remained: the Spirit stayed on him, not just a passing visit","alternatives":[],"reason":"μένω, \"remain\", is one of John's key words. In the Old Testament the Spirit came on prophets and leaders for a task; on Jesus the Spirit remains, and verse 33 makes this the sign God gave. Isaiah 11:2 says the Spirit of the LORD will rest on the king from David's line, and Isaiah 42:1 that God will put his Spirit on his chosen servant (compare verse 34). The same verb returns in verses 38-39.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032006"],"choice":"I saw","alternatives":["I have seen"],"reason":"The Greek perfect presents what John saw as standing evidence; English narrative uses the simple past. Literal keeps \"I have seen\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"[the Spirit] remained (L); remain (B, R)","alternatives":["it remained"],"reason":"The verb has no stated subject, and the word for Spirit is neuter in Greek, which says nothing about whether the Spirit is a person. English repeats \"the Spirit\" or joins the verbs, rather than calling the Spirit \"it\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001032017"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The pronoun refers to Jesus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032006"],"choice":"J’ai contemplé (L); J’ai vu (B, R)","alternatives":["J’ai vu (L)"],"reason":"The French passé composé is both a perfect and a past tense, so every level keeps the Greek perfect without strain (unlike English, which needs \"I have seen\" at Literal and \"I saw\" elsewhere). Literal uses \"contempler\", the verb of looking with attention, as the same Greek verb is rendered in 1:14.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"rester (R); demeurer (L, B)","alternatives":["demeurer (R)"],"reason":"\"Demeurer\" is the word for the theological sense of this key verb (meaning decision m3) and keeps the link to 15:4; for young readers it is literary, so Readable says \"rester\", which carries the same sense. A reviewer may prefer \"demeurer\" at every level.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032008","n43001032015"],"choice":"Roho with personal agreement (akishuka, akakaa)","alternatives":["Roho with class agreement (ukishuka)","[Roho] akakaa (L)"],"reason":"The Holy Spirit is a person, so \"Roho\" takes the personal agreement a-, as \"Neno\" does in 1:1. The subject of \"remained\" is then already in the verb, so Literal needs no bracketed \"[the Spirit]\". \"Kukaa\" is the word used for staying in verses 38-39 as well.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"y permaneció, with no supplied subject","alternatives":[],"reason":"Spanish leaves the subject in the verb, so Literal needs no bracketed \"[the Spirit]\" and never has to call the Spirit \"it\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"permanecer","alternatives":["quedarse"],"reason":"\"Permanecer\" is the word Spanish uses for \"remain\" in John's theological sense (15:4-10), so the link with the sign of verse 33 and with later chapters can be seen. In verses 38-39, where the sense is ordinary, the passage uses \"quedarse\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032006"],"choice":"vi (B, R); he visto (L)","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Literal keeps the perfect; Balanced and Readable use the simple past of narrative.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-4","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001032017"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The pronoun refers to Jesus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032008","n43001032015"],"choice":"\"성령께서\" with the honorific; \"머무르다\" for remain","alternatives":["\"성령이\" without honorific","\"계속 계시다\""],"reason":"The Holy Spirit is God and takes 께서 and -시- in narrative and in John's speech. \"머무르다\" is the book-wide word for remain (style guide), so the link to 1:33, 1:38-39 and 15:4-10 is kept.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032008"],"choice":"\"Thánh Linh\" for \"the Spirit\"; \"Đức Thánh Linh\" for \"the Holy Spirit\" (1:33)","alternatives":["\"Đức Thánh Linh\" for both"],"reason":"The Greek says \"the Spirit\" here and \"Holy Spirit\" in verse 33; Vietnamese keeps the two forms apart as the guide does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001032015"],"choice":"\"ở lại\" for remain (menō)","alternatives":["\"đậu\" (of a bird)","\"ngự\""],"reason":"\"ở lại\" is the book-wide word for remaining; it says the Spirit stayed, and it shares its root with \"ở\" (stay) in 1:38-39, as the Greek uses one verb for both.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.33.s1","refs":["JHN.1.33"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001033001","n43001033002","n43001033003","n43001033004","n43001033005","n43001033006","n43001033007","n43001033008","n43001033009","n43001033010","n43001033011","n43001033012","n43001033013","n43001033014","n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017","n43001033018","n43001033019","n43001033020","n43001033021","n43001033022","n43001033023","n43001033024","n43001033025","n43001033026","n43001033027","n43001033028","n43001033029","n43001033030","n43001033031","n43001033032"],"text":"κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ’ ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν· Ἐφ’ ὃν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον καὶ μένον ἐπ’ αὐτόν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ·"},"literal_gloss":"And I not knew him, but the [one] having sent me to baptize in water, that one to me said, 'Upon whom ever you see the Spirit coming down and remaining upon him, this is the [one] baptizing in Spirit Holy.'","renderings":{"en":{"B":"I myself did not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, but the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, 'When you see the Spirit come down and remain on someone, that is the one who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.'","L":"And I did not know {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, but the one who sent me to baptize in water, that one said to me, 'The one on whom you see the Spirit coming down and remaining, this is the one who baptizes in [the] Holy Spirit.'","R":"I did not know who {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was. But God sent me to baptize people with water, and God told me, 'You will see the Spirit come down and remain on someone. That is the one who baptizes people with the Holy Spirit.'"},"es":{"B":"Yo mismo no lo conocía, pero el que me envió a bautizar con agua me dijo: “Cuando veas que el Espíritu baja y permanece sobre alguien, ese es el que bautiza con el Espíritu Santo”.","L":"Y yo no lo conocía, pero el que me envió a bautizar en agua, ese me dijo: “Aquel sobre quien veas que el Espíritu desciende y permanece, ese es el que bautiza en [el] Espíritu Santo”.","R":"Yo no sabía quién era. Pero Dios me envió a bautizar a la gente con agua, y Dios me dijo: “Vas a ver que el Espíritu baja y permanece sobre alguien. Ese es el que bautiza a la gente con el Espíritu Santo”."},"fr":{"B":"Moi-même, je ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} connaissais pas, mais celui qui m’a envoyé baptiser avec de l’eau m’a dit : “Quand tu verras l’Esprit descendre et demeurer sur quelqu’un, c’est celui-là qui baptise avec l’Esprit Saint.”","L":"Et moi, je ne {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} connaissais pas, mais celui qui m’a envoyé baptiser dans [l’]eau, celui-là m’a dit : “Celui sur qui tu verras l’Esprit descendre et demeurer, celui-ci est celui qui baptise dans [l’]Esprit Saint.”","R":"Moi, je ne savais pas qui {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} était. Mais Dieu, qui m’a envoyé baptiser les gens avec de l’eau, m’a dit : “Tu verras l’Esprit descendre et rester sur quelqu’un. C’est celui-là qui baptise les gens avec l’Esprit Saint.”"},"ko":{"B":"나 자신도 그분을 알지 못했다. 그런데 나를 보내어 물로 세례를 주게 하신 분이 내게 말씀하셨다. '성령이 내려와 누군가의 위에 머무르는 것을 보거든, 그가 바로 성령으로 세례를 주는 분이다.'","L":"나도 그분을 알지 못했다. 그러나 나를 보내어 물로 세례를 주게 하신 분, 그분이 내게 말씀하셨다. '성령이 내려와서 누군가의 위에 머무르는 것을 네가 보면, 그가 성령으로 세례를 주는 분이다.'","R":"나는 그분이 누구신지 몰랐다. 그러나 하나님께서 나를 보내어 사람들에게 물로 세례를 주게 하셨고, 하나님께서 내게 말씀하셨다. '너는 성령이 내려와 어떤 사람 위에 머무르는 것을 보게 될 것이다. 그가 바로 사람들에게 성령으로 세례를 주는 분이다.'"},"sw":{"B":"Mimi mwenyewe sikumjua, lakini yule aliyenituma kubatiza kwa maji aliniambia, 'Utakapomwona Roho akishuka na kukaa juu ya mtu, huyo ndiye anayebatiza kwa Roho Mtakatifu.'","L":"Nami sikumjua, lakini yeye aliyenituma kubatiza katika maji, huyo aliniambia, 'Yule ambaye utamwona Roho akishuka na kukaa juu {{deity_pronoun:yake|Yake}}, huyo ndiye anayebatiza katika Roho Mtakatifu.'","R":"Sikujua {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} ni nani. Lakini Mungu alinituma kuwabatiza watu kwa maji, na Mungu aliniambia, 'Utamwona Roho akishuka na kukaa juu ya mtu fulani. Huyo ndiye anayewabatiza watu kwa Roho Mtakatifu.'"},"vi":{"B":"Chính tôi cũng không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng Đấng sai tôi đến làm báp-têm bằng nước đã bảo tôi: 'Khi con thấy Thánh Linh giáng xuống và ở lại trên ai, thì đó là Đấng làm báp-têm bằng Đức Thánh Linh.'","L":"Và tôi đã không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, nhưng Đấng đã sai tôi làm báp-têm trong nước, chính Đấng ấy đã phán với tôi: 'Trên người nào con thấy Thánh Linh giáng xuống và ở lại, người ấy là Đấng làm báp-têm trong Đức Thánh Linh.'","R":"Tôi đã không biết {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} là ai. Nhưng Đức Chúa Trời đã sai tôi đến làm báp-têm cho người ta bằng nước, và Đức Chúa Trời đã phán với tôi: 'Con sẽ thấy Thánh Linh giáng xuống và ở lại trên một người. Người ấy là Đấng sẽ làm báp-têm cho người ta bằng Đức Thánh Linh.'"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033001"],"language":"en","target_span":"I myself"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033002"],"language":"en","target_span":"did not"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033003"],"language":"en","target_span":"know"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033004"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033005"],"language":"en","target_span":"but"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033006","n43001033007"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one who sent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033008"],"language":"en","target_span":"me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033009"],"language":"en","target_span":"to baptize"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033010"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033011"],"language":"en","target_span":"water"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033014"],"language":"en","target_span":"told"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033013"],"language":"en","target_span":"me"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017"],"language":"en","target_span":"When"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033018"],"language":"en","target_span":"you see"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033019","n43001033020"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Spirit"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033021"],"language":"en","target_span":"come down"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033022"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033023"],"language":"en","target_span":"remain"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033024","n43001033025"],"language":"en","target_span":"on someone"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033026"],"language":"en","target_span":"that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033027"],"language":"en","target_span":"is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033028","n43001033029"],"language":"en","target_span":"the one who baptizes"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033030"],"language":"en","target_span":"with"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001033031","n43001033032"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Holy Spirit"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001033006","n43001033007","n43001033008"],"choice":"the one who sent me: God","alternatives":[],"reason":"1:6 said John was a man sent from God. His baptism was not his own idea: God gave it, and gave the sign that would show him the coming one.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017","n43001033018","n43001033019","n43001033020","n43001033021","n43001033022","n43001033023","n43001033024","n43001033025"],"choice":"the sign is that the Spirit came down and remained","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"Remaining\" repeats the verb of verse 32. The sign is not only that the Spirit came, but that the Spirit stayed on him.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001033028","n43001033029","n43001033030","n43001033031","n43001033032"],"choice":"baptizes in the Holy Spirit: gives the Spirit to others","alternatives":[],"reason":"The prophets promised that God would put his Spirit within his people (Ezekiel 36:26-27; Joel 2:28). The one on whom the Spirit remains is the one who gives the Spirit; in John, Jesus gives the Spirit after he is glorified (7:39; 20:22). The present participle describes what he does, not one moment.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001033006","n43001033007","n43001033008"],"choice":"God","alternatives":["the one who sent me"],"reason":"Readable names God, whom the phrase means (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017","n43001033018","n43001033019","n43001033020","n43001033021","n43001033022","n43001033023","n43001033024","n43001033025","n43001033026","n43001033027"],"choice":"When you see ... on someone, that is the one","alternatives":["The one on whom you see ..., this is the one"],"reason":"English puts the condition first and avoids \"on whom ... on him\"; Literal keeps the Greek shape.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001033030","n43001033031","n43001033032"],"choice":"l’Esprit Saint","alternatives":["le Saint-Esprit"],"reason":"Both forms are good French. \"L’Esprit Saint\" follows the Greek order (Spirit, then Holy) and keeps \"l’Esprit\", the word used alone in verses 32-33. Literal brackets the article, as \"[l’]eau\" in verse 26; Balanced and Readable say \"avec\", as with the water.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001033023"],"choice":"rester","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 32.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001033006","n43001033007","n43001033008"],"choice":"Dios","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable names God, whom the phrase means (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017","n43001033018","n43001033019","n43001033020","n43001033021","n43001033022","n43001033023","n43001033024","n43001033025","n43001033026","n43001033027"],"choice":"Cuando veas ... sobre alguien, ese es","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Balanced and Readable put the condition first; Literal keeps the Greek shape.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001033015","n43001033016","n43001033017"],"choice":"inside God's words to John, \"성령이\" and \"머무르는\" without honorific","alternatives":["\"성령께서 ... 머무르시는\" inside God's words"],"reason":"Korean speakers do not use the subject honorific of themselves or of what is their own, so God, speaking in 해라체 to John, says \"성령이\". In John's own narration (1:32) the Spirit takes the honorific.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001033014","n43001033018"],"choice":"God speaks with \"phán\" and calls John \"con\"","alternatives":["\"ngươi\"","\"nói\""],"reason":"\"phán\" is the verb of respect for God's speaking; God addresses his servant as a father does a child, \"con\", the warm modern form, rather than the archaic \"ngươi\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.34.s1","refs":["JHN.1.34"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001034001","n43001034002","n43001034003","n43001034004","n43001034005","n43001034006","n43001034007","n43001034008","n43001034009","n43001034010","n43001034011"],"text":"κἀγὼ ἑώρακα, καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐκλεκτὸς τοῦ θεοῦ."},"literal_gloss":"And I have seen, and have testified that this is the chosen [one] of the God.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"I have seen it, and I have testified that this is the Chosen One of God.\"","L":"And I have seen, and I have testified that this one is the Chosen One of God.\"","R":"I have seen this happen, and I am telling you that {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} is the one God has chosen.\""},"es":{"B":"Yo lo he visto, y he dado testimonio de que este es el Elegido de Dios».","L":"Y yo he visto, y he dado testimonio de que este es el Elegido de Dios».","R":"Yo vi que esto sucedió, y {{plural_you:les|os}} digo que {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} es el que Dios ha elegido»."},"fr":{"B":"J’ai vu cela, et j’ai rendu témoignage qu’{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} est l’Élu de Dieu. »","L":"Et moi, j’ai vu, et j’ai rendu témoignage que celui-ci est l’Élu de Dieu. »","R":"J’ai vu cela, et je vous le dis : c’est {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} que Dieu a choisi. »"},"ko":{"B":"나는 그것을 보았고, 이분이 하나님께서 택하신 분이라고 증언했다.\"","L":"그리고 나는 보았고, 이분이 하나님의 택하신 분이라고 증언해 왔다.\"","R":"나는 이 일을 직접 보았다. 그래서 너희에게 말한다. 이분은 하나님께서 택하신 분이다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Nimeona, nami nimeshuhudia kwamba huyu ndiye Mteule wa Mungu.\"","L":"Nami nimeona, na nimeshuhudia kwamba huyu ndiye Mteule wa Mungu.\"","R":"Nimeona hayo yakitokea, nami ninawaambia kwamba {{deity_pronoun:yeye|Yeye}} ndiye ambaye Mungu amemchagua.\""},"vi":{"B":"Tôi đã thấy điều đó, và tôi đã làm chứng rằng đây là Đấng Được Chọn của Đức Chúa Trời.\"","L":"Và tôi đã thấy, và đã làm chứng rằng Đấng này là Đấng Được Chọn của Đức Chúa Trời.\"","R":"Tôi đã thấy việc đó xảy ra, và tôi nói cho các ông biết rằng {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} là Đấng mà Đức Chúa Trời đã chọn.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034001"],"language":"en","target_span":"I"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034002"],"language":"en","target_span":"have seen"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034003"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034004"],"language":"en","target_span":"I have testified"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034005"],"language":"en","target_span":"that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034006"],"language":"en","target_span":"this"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034007"],"language":"en","target_span":"is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034008","n43001034009"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Chosen One"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001034010","n43001034011"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001034008","n43001034009","n43001034010","n43001034011"],"choice":"the Chosen One of God (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["the Son of God (most manuscripts)","the chosen Son of God (a few early translations)"],"reason":"Most manuscripts, including the oldest papyri that contain this verse, read \"the Son of God\". \"The Chosen One of God\" is found in the first hand of Codex Sinaiticus and in some of the earliest Latin and Syriac translations; a few combine the two. The SBLGNT prints \"Chosen One\" as the harder reading: a scribe was more likely to change an unusual title to the familiar \"Son of God\", which John uses often (1:49; 20:31), than the reverse. The evidence is divided, so a footnote gives \"the Son of God\". Either way the title marks Jesus as the one God has set apart, shown by the Spirit. Reviewers should check this note against the apparatus.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001034009"],"choice":"Chosen One: an echo of Isaiah 42:1","alternatives":[],"reason":"In Isaiah 42:1 God speaks of \"my chosen one, in whom my soul delights; I have put my Spirit upon him.\" That fits the sign John has just described. At the transfiguration the voice from the cloud says \"This is my Son, my Chosen One\" (Luke 9:35).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001034002","n43001034004"],"choice":"two perfects: John's seeing and testifying stand on record","alternatives":[],"reason":"Both verbs are perfect: what John saw and what he has declared remain as evidence. This closes the testimony that began in verse 19.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001034009","n43001034010","n43001034011"],"choice":"the one God has chosen","alternatives":["the Chosen One of God"],"reason":"Readable says what the title means in plain words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001034006"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}}","alternatives":["this"],"reason":"Readable uses a pronoun for \"this one\", so it takes the deity_pronoun setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001034009","n43001034010","n43001034011"],"choice":"l’Élu de Dieu","alternatives":["le Choisi de Dieu"],"reason":"\"Élu\" is the ordinary French noun for one God has chosen, the word that also renders Isaiah 42:1 (\"mon élu\"; meaning decision m2), and it has a capital as a title. Readable says the same thing in plain words, as the English does. The variant \"the Son of God\" is given in the footnote of meaning decision m1.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001034006"],"choice":"c’est {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}","alternatives":["c’est celui-là que Dieu a choisi"],"reason":"Readable turns the title into a plain sentence, as the English does, and French marks \"this one\" with \"c’est lui\", a pronoun for Christ, so it takes the deity_pronoun setting. Literal keeps the demonstrative \"celui-ci\"; Balanced says \"qu’il est l’Élu de Dieu\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001034009","n43001034010","n43001034011"],"choice":"el que Dios ha elegido","alternatives":["el Elegido de Dios"],"reason":"As in English: Readable says what the title means in plain words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001034006"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable uses a pronoun for \"this one\", so it takes the deity_pronoun setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001034009"],"choice":"\"Đấng Được Chọn\" (the Chosen One), capitalised as a title","alternatives":["\"người được chọn\""],"reason":"A title echoing Isaiah 42:1, marked like the other titles with \"Đấng\" and capitals; Readable unfolds it as \"the one God has chosen\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.35.s1","refs":["JHN.1.35","JHN.1.36"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001035001","n43001035002","n43001035003","n43001035004","n43001035005","n43001035006","n43001035007","n43001035008","n43001035009","n43001035010","n43001035011","n43001035012","n43001036001","n43001036002","n43001036003","n43001036004","n43001036005","n43001036006","n43001036007","n43001036008","n43001036009","n43001036010","n43001036011"],"text":"Τῇ ἐπαύριον πάλιν εἱστήκει ὁ Ἰωάννης καὶ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ δύο, καὶ ἐμβλέψας τῷ Ἰησοῦ περιπατοῦντι λέγει· Ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ."},"literal_gloss":"On the next day again was standing the John and of the disciples of him two, \\v 36 and having looked at the Jesus walking, he says, \"Look, the lamb of the God.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. \\v 36 He watched Jesus walking by and said, \"Look, there is the Lamb of God!\"","L":"On the next day again John was standing [there], and two of his disciples, \\v 36 and looking at Jesus as {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} walked by, he says, \"Look, the Lamb of God!\"","R":"The next day John was standing there again with two of his followers. \\v 36 Jesus walked by. John looked at {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} and said, \"Look! There is the Lamb of God!\""},"es":{"B":"Al día siguiente, Juan estaba allí otra vez con dos de sus discípulos. \\v 36 Al ver pasar a Jesús, lo miró fijamente y dijo: «¡Ahí está el Cordero de Dios!».","L":"Al día siguiente, otra vez estaba [allí] Juan, y dos de sus discípulos, \\v 36 y fijando la mirada en Jesús, que pasaba, dice: «¡He aquí el Cordero de Dios!».","R":"Al día siguiente, Juan estaba de nuevo allí con dos de sus discípulos. \\v 36 Jesús pasó por allí. Juan lo miró y dijo: «¡{{plural_you:Miren|Mirad}}! ¡Ahí está el Cordero de Dios!»."},"fr":{"B":"Le lendemain, Jean était de nouveau là avec deux de ses disciples. \\v 36 Il regarda attentivement Jésus qui passait et dit : « Voici l’Agneau de Dieu ! »","L":"Le lendemain, Jean se tenait de nouveau [là], ainsi que deux de ses disciples, \\v 36 et, fixant les yeux sur Jésus qui passait, il dit : « Voici l’Agneau de Dieu ! »","R":"Le lendemain, Jean était encore là avec deux de ses disciples. \\v 36 Jésus est passé. Jean {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}a regardé et il a dit : « Regardez ! C’est l’Agneau de Dieu ! »"},"ko":{"B":"다음 날 요한은 다시 그곳에 있었고, 그의 제자 두 사람도 함께 있었다. \\v 36 요한은 예수께서 지나가시는 것을 바라보며 말했다. \"보아라, 저기 하나님의 어린양이 계신다!\"","L":"다음 날 요한이 다시 [거기] 서 있었고, 그의 제자들 가운데 두 사람도 [있었다]. \\v 36 그는 걸어가시는 예수를 눈여겨보며 말한다. \"보아라, 하나님의 어린양이다!\"","R":"다음 날 요한은 제자 두 사람과 함께 다시 그곳에 서 있었다. \\v 36 그때 예수께서 지나가셨다. 요한은 그분을 바라보며 말했다. \"보아라! 저기 하나님의 어린양이 계신다!\""},"sw":{"B":"Kesho yake Yohana alikuwa tena hapo pamoja na wanafunzi wake wawili. \\v 36 Alimkazia macho Yesu alipokuwa akipita, akasema, \"Tazama, huyu ndiye Mwanakondoo wa Mungu!\"","L":"Kesho yake tena Yohana alikuwa amesimama [hapo], pamoja na wawili wa wanafunzi wake, \\v 36 naye akimkazia macho Yesu akipita, anasema, \"Tazama, Mwanakondoo wa Mungu!\"","R":"Kesho yake Yohana alikuwa amesimama hapo tena pamoja na wanafunzi wake wawili. \\v 36 Yesu akapita. Yohana akamtazama, akasema, \"Tazama! Huyu ndiye Mwanakondoo wa Mungu!\""},"vi":{"B":"Hôm sau, Giăng lại có mặt ở đó cùng với hai môn đồ của mình. \\v 36 Ông chăm chú nhìn Đức Giê-xu đang đi ngang qua và nói: \"Kìa, Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời!\"","L":"Ngày hôm sau, Giăng lại đang đứng [đó] cùng hai người trong số các môn đồ của ông, \\v 36 và nhìn Đức Giê-xu khi {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} đi ngang qua, ông nói: \"Kìa, Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời!\"","R":"Hôm sau, Giăng lại đứng ở đó với hai môn đồ của ông. \\v 36 Đức Giê-xu đi ngang qua. Giăng nhìn {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} và nói: \"Hãy nhìn kìa! Đó là Chiên Con của Đức Chúa Trời!\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035001","n43001035002"],"language":"en","target_span":"The next day"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035005","n43001035006"],"language":"en","target_span":"John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035004"],"language":"en","target_span":"was there"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035003"],"language":"en","target_span":"again"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035012"],"language":"en","target_span":"two"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035008"],"language":"en","target_span":"of"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035011"],"language":"en","target_span":"his"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001035009","n43001035010"],"language":"en","target_span":"disciples"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036002"],"language":"en","target_span":"He watched"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036003","n43001036004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036005"],"language":"en","target_span":"walking by"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036006"],"language":"en","target_span":"said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036007"],"language":"en","target_span":"Look"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036008","n43001036009"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Lamb"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001036010","n43001036011"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"disciples: learners who follow a teacher","alternatives":[],"reason":"μαθητής is a pupil or follower. John the Baptist had disciples of his own (3:25; 4:1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001036002"],"choice":"looked intently","alternatives":["glanced"],"reason":"ἐμβλέπω is a fixed, attentive look; the same verb is used in verse 42 of Jesus looking at Simon.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001036007","n43001036008","n43001036009","n43001036010","n43001036011"],"choice":"the title of verse 29 again, now shorter","alternatives":[],"reason":"John repeats \"the Lamb of God\" (see verse 29). This time his words send his own disciples after Jesus: the purpose of his testimony (1:7) begins to be fulfilled.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"followers","alternatives":["disciples"],"reason":"Readable says what the word means; it uses \"followers\" through this passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001036006"],"choice":"said","alternatives":["says"],"reason":"Past tense, as in verse 21.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001035004","n43001036006"],"choice":"Tenses: Literal keeps the Greek tenses (historic present \"il dit\", imperfect \"se tenait\", passé simple for the aorists); Balanced narrates in the passé simple (\"il dit\", \"ils vinrent\") with the passé composé in speech; Readable uses the passé composé throughout (\"il a dit\")","alternatives":["passé composé at every level","passé simple at Readable"],"reason":"The French brief for the three levels, recorded once for 1:35-51. The passé simple is the normal tense of written French narrative and suits a public reading; young readers meet narrative mostly in the passé composé, so Readable has no passé simple. Literal keeps the present where John switches to it, as the English Literal does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"disciples","alternatives":["followers (as the English Readable)"],"reason":"The French book-wide choice keeps \"disciples\" at every level, Readable included: it is a common word in French and recurs through the Gospel (meaning decision m1). French \"partisans\" or \"ceux qui le suivaient\" would be heavier, not plainer.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-3","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001036002"],"choice":"Jean {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}a regardé","alternatives":[],"reason":"French needs an object pronoun for Jesus here; the elided form takes the span, with the verb written straight after it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"wanafunzi at Readable too","alternatives":["wafuasi"],"reason":"The English Readable says \"followers\" here. \"Wanafunzi\" (learners, pupils) is a plain everyday word in Swahili and says what a disciple is, so Swahili keeps it at every level, as the book-wide choice for John has it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"discípulos at every level","alternatives":["seguidores"],"reason":"docs/john-terms.md keeps \"disciples\" at every level, Readable included, and \"discípulos\" is an everyday Spanish word. (The English Readable of this passage says \"followers\"; a reviewer may want it brought into line.)","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001036002"],"choice":"fijando la mirada (L); lo miró fijamente (B)","alternatives":[],"reason":"A fixed, attentive look, the same as Jesus's look at Simon in verse 42.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"\"제자\" at Readable too","alternatives":["\"따르는 사람들\""],"reason":"The English Readable says \"followers\"; the Korean style guide keeps \"제자들\" at every level, since \"제자\" is an everyday word for a pupil or follower of a teacher.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001035010"],"choice":"\"môn đồ\" at Readable too","alternatives":["\"người theo\" (followers)","\"học trò\""],"reason":"The style guide keeps \"môn đồ\" at every level: it is the ordinary Vietnamese church word and recurs through the Gospel, so Readable does not follow the English \"followers\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.37.s1","refs":["JHN.1.37"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001037001","n43001037002","n43001037003","n43001037004","n43001037005","n43001037006","n43001037007","n43001037008","n43001037009","n43001037010","n43001037011"],"text":"καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ δύο μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος καὶ ἠκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ."},"literal_gloss":"And heard the two disciples him speaking, and they followed the Jesus.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The two disciples heard what he said, and they followed Jesus.","L":"And the two disciples heard him speaking, and they followed Jesus.","R":"The two followers heard what John said, and they began to follow Jesus."},"es":{"B":"Los dos discípulos oyeron lo que dijo y siguieron a Jesús.","L":"Y los dos discípulos lo oyeron hablar, y siguieron a Jesús.","R":"Los dos discípulos oyeron lo que dijo Juan y comenzaron a seguir a Jesús."},"fr":{"B":"Les deux disciples entendirent ce qu’il disait, et ils suivirent Jésus.","L":"Et les deux disciples l’entendirent parler, et ils suivirent Jésus.","R":"Les deux disciples ont entendu ce que Jean disait, et ils se sont mis à suivre Jésus."},"ko":{"B":"그 두 제자는 그의 말을 듣고 예수를 따라갔다.","L":"그리고 그 두 제자는 그가 말하는 것을 듣고 예수를 따라갔다.","R":"두 제자는 요한의 말을 듣고 예수를 따라가기 시작했다."},"sw":{"B":"Wale wanafunzi wawili walisikia aliyosema, wakamfuata Yesu.","L":"Na wale wanafunzi wawili walimsikia akisema, wakamfuata Yesu.","R":"Wale wanafunzi wawili walisikia Yohana alivyosema, wakaanza kumfuata Yesu."},"vi":{"B":"Hai môn đồ nghe ông nói vậy thì đi theo Đức Giê-xu.","L":"Và hai môn đồ ấy nghe ông nói, và họ đi theo Đức Giê-xu.","R":"Hai môn đồ ấy nghe Giăng nói, nên họ bắt đầu đi theo Đức Giê-xu."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037003","n43001037004","n43001037005"],"language":"en","target_span":"The two disciples"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037002"],"language":"en","target_span":"heard"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037006","n43001037007"],"language":"en","target_span":"what he said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037008"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037009"],"language":"en","target_span":"they followed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001037010","n43001037011"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001037009"],"choice":"followed: walked after him, and so began to be his disciples","alternatives":[],"reason":"ἀκολουθέω is the ordinary word for walking behind someone, and also John's word for being a disciple (1:43; 8:12; 21:19-22). Both senses are here: the two literally walk after Jesus, and this is where their discipleship begins.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001037006","n43001037007"],"choice":"him speaking: John the Baptist","alternatives":[],"reason":"The pronoun refers to John, whose words they heard.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001037009"],"choice":"follow","alternatives":["went after","joined"],"reason":"Every level keeps \"follow\", which carries both senses (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001037006"],"choice":"John","alternatives":["he"],"reason":"Readable names the speaker (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001037009"],"choice":"seguir","alternatives":[],"reason":"Every level keeps \"seguir\", which carries both senses: walking after someone, and being his disciple (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001037006"],"choice":"Juan","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable names the speaker (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.38.s1","refs":["JHN.1.38"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001038001","n43001038002","n43001038003","n43001038004","n43001038005","n43001038006","n43001038007","n43001038008","n43001038009","n43001038010","n43001038011","n43001038012"],"text":"στραφεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ θεασάμενος αὐτοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί ζητεῖτε;"},"literal_gloss":"Having turned and the Jesus and having beheld them following, he says to them, \"What do you seek?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Jesus turned and saw them following. He asked them, \"What are you looking for?\"","L":"Then Jesus, turning and seeing them following, says to them, \"What are you seeking?\"","R":"Jesus turned around and saw them following {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. He asked them, \"What do you want?\""},"es":{"B":"Jesús se volvió y vio que lo seguían. Les preguntó: «¿Qué {{plural_you:buscan|buscáis}}?».","L":"Y volviéndose Jesús y viendo que lo seguían, les dice: «¿Qué {{plural_you:buscan|buscáis}}?».","R":"Jesús se volvió y vio que lo seguían. Les preguntó: «¿Qué {{plural_you:quieren|queréis}}?»."},"fr":{"B":"Jésus se retourna et vit qu’ils {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} suivaient. Il leur demanda : « Que cherchez-vous ? »","L":"Alors Jésus, se retournant et les voyant [{{deity_pronoun:le|Le}}] suivre, leur dit : « Que cherchez-vous ? »","R":"Jésus s’est retourné et a vu qu’ils {{deity_pronoun:le|Le}} suivaient. Il leur a demandé : « Que voulez-vous ? »"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 돌아서서 그들이 따라오는 것을 보시고 물으셨다. \"무엇을 찾고 있느냐?\"","L":"예수께서 돌아서서 그들이 따라오는 것을 보시고 그들에게 말씀하신다. \"너희는 무엇을 찾느냐?\"","R":"예수께서 뒤돌아보시고 그들이 따라오는 것을 보셨다. 예수께서 물으셨다. \"무엇을 원하느냐?\""},"sw":{"B":"Yesu aligeuka, akawaona wakimfuata. Akawauliza, \"Mnatafuta nini?\"","L":"Naye Yesu, akigeuka na kuwaona wakimfuata, anawaambia, \"Mnatafuta nini?\"","R":"Yesu aligeuka, akawaona wakimfuata. Akawauliza, \"Mnataka nini?\""},"vi":{"B":"Đức Giê-xu quay lại và thấy họ đang đi theo. Ngài hỏi họ: \"Các anh đang tìm gì?\"","L":"Đức Giê-xu quay lại, thấy họ đi theo, thì nói với họ: \"Các anh tìm gì?\"","R":"Đức Giê-xu quay lại và thấy họ đang đi theo {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}. Ngài hỏi: \"Các anh muốn gì?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038003","n43001038004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038001"],"language":"en","target_span":"turned"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038006"],"language":"en","target_span":"saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038007"],"language":"en","target_span":"them"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038008"],"language":"en","target_span":"following"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038009"],"language":"en","target_span":"He asked"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038010"],"language":"en","target_span":"them"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038011"],"language":"en","target_span":"What"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038012"],"language":"en","target_span":"are you looking for"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001038011","n43001038012"],"choice":"What are you seeking?: Jesus's first words in this Gospel","alternatives":[],"reason":"The question is an ordinary one, but it is the first thing Jesus says in John, and it asks what the two really want. Jesus asks a like question of those who come to arrest him (18:4, 7) and of Mary Magdalene at the empty tomb (20:15). ζητέω, to seek or look for, runs through the Gospel.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038012"],"choice":"What are you looking for? (B); What do you want? (R)","alternatives":["What are you seeking?"],"reason":"Everyday English; Literal keeps \"seeking\", so the link with 20:15 can be seen.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038012"],"choice":"Que cherchez-vous ? (L, B); Que voulez-vous ? (R)","alternatives":["Que recherchez-vous ?","Que voulez-vous ? at Balanced, as the English Balanced"],"reason":"French \"chercher\" covers both \"seek\" and \"look for\", so Balanced can keep the same everyday verb as Literal, and the link with Jesus’s question to Mary Magdalene (20:15) stays visible (meaning decision m1). Readable asks what they want, as the English Readable does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038012"],"choice":"buscar (L, B); querer (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"¿Qué buscan?\" is everyday Spanish and keeps the link with 20:15; Readable asks plainly what they want.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001038011","n43001038012"],"choice":"Jesus speaks in 해라체 (\"찾느냐?\"); people speak to him in 합쇼체 (\"계십니까?\")","alternatives":["해요체 for Jesus","해라체 for the disciples"],"reason":"The style guide fixes these speech levels for the whole book, so that relationships do not shift between verses: Jesus, as teacher, speaks plainly to disciples, crowds and opponents; disciples and petitioners address him formally and respectfully.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001038012"],"choice":"Jesus calls the newcomers \"các anh\" and \"anh\" (1:38-51)","alternatives":["\"các con\", \"con\"","\"các ngươi\""],"reason":"The style guide gives \"các con\" for Jesus speaking to his disciples. In chapter 1 these men are strangers and then new followers, so Jesus speaks to them as adult equals, \"anh\" (Simon, Nathanael) and \"các anh\" (1:38, 1:51). A reviewer may prefer to move to \"con\" as soon as they follow him.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.38.s2","refs":["JHN.1.38"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001038013","n43001038014","n43001038015","n43001038016","n43001038017","n43001038018","n43001038019","n43001038020","n43001038021","n43001038022","n43001038023"],"text":"οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Ῥαββί ὃ λέγεται μεθερμηνευόμενον Διδάσκαλε, ποῦ μένεις;"},"literal_gloss":"And they said to him, \"Rabbi\" (which is said, being translated, \"Teacher\"), \"where are you staying?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"They answered {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, \"Rabbi\"—the word means Teacher—\"where are {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} staying?\"","L":"And they said to {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, \"Rabbi\" (which, translated, means Teacher), \"where are {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} staying?\"","R":"They said, \"Rabbi\" (this means Teacher), \"where are {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} staying?\""},"es":{"B":"Ellos le respondieron: «Rabí —que significa Maestro—, ¿dónde te quedas?».","L":"Ellos le dijeron: «Rabí (que traducido quiere decir Maestro), ¿dónde te quedas?».","R":"Le dijeron: «Rabí (esto quiere decir Maestro), ¿dónde te estás quedando?»."},"fr":{"B":"Ils {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} dirent : « Rabbi » (ce mot signifie Maître), « où demeures-{{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} ? »","L":"Et ils {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} dirent : « Rabbi » (ce qui, traduit, veut dire Maître), « où demeures-{{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} ? »","R":"Ils ont dit : « Rabbi » (cela veut dire Maître), « où loges-{{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} ? »"},"ko":{"B":"그들이 대답했다. \"랍비님\"—이 말은 선생님이라는 뜻이다—\"어디에 머무르고 계십니까?\"","L":"그들이 그분께 말했다. \"랍비\"(번역하면 선생님이라는 뜻이다), \"어디에 머무르고 계십니까?\"","R":"그들이 말했다. \"랍비님\"(선생님이라는 뜻이다), \"어디에 머무르고 계십니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"Wakamjibu, \"Rabi\" (neno hili maana yake ni Mwalimu), \"unakaa wapi?\"","L":"Nao wakamwambia, \"Rabi\" (ambalo likitafsiriwa maana yake ni Mwalimu), \"unakaa wapi?\"","R":"Wakasema, \"Rabi\" (maana yake ni Mwalimu), \"unakaa wapi?\""},"vi":{"B":"Họ thưa với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: \"Ra-bi\"—nghĩa là Thầy—\"Thầy đang ở đâu?\"","L":"Họ thưa với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: \"Ra-bi\" (dịch ra nghĩa là Thầy), \"Thầy đang ở đâu?\"","R":"Họ thưa: \"Ra-bi\" (nghĩa là Thầy), \"Thầy đang ở đâu?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038013","n43001038015"],"language":"en","target_span":"They answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038016"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038017"],"language":"en","target_span":"Rabbi"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038018","n43001038019","n43001038020"],"language":"en","target_span":"the word means"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038021"],"language":"en","target_span":"Teacher"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038022"],"language":"en","target_span":"where"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001038023"],"language":"en","target_span":"are {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} staying"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001038017","n43001038018","n43001038019","n43001038020","n43001038021"],"choice":"Rabbi: a respectful title for a teacher, which John translates","alternatives":[],"reason":"Ῥαββί is a Hebrew title, literally \"my great one\", used for teachers of the law. John explains it for readers who do not know Hebrew or Aramaic, as he does with Messiah (verse 41) and Cephas (verse 42). By using it the two treat Jesus as their teacher.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"staying: where he is lodging, with the deeper sense of remaining in view","alternatives":["living, having a home"],"reason":"μένεις is the ordinary \"stay, lodge\": they ask where he is staying so they can spend time with him. But it is the same verb as the Spirit \"remaining\" on Jesus (verses 32-33), and later Jesus calls his disciples to \"remain in me\" (15:4-10). John uses an everyday word that opens onto the deeper one; the wish to be where Jesus stays is where that begins.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"staying","alternatives":["abiding","remaining","dwelling"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: the natural word in its ordinary sense, with the note giving the link to \"remain\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001038016","n43001038023"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}; {{deity_pronoun:you|You}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The deity_pronoun setting covers every pronoun for Christ: \"you\" when people speak to him and \"me\" or \"my\" when he speaks of himself, as well as \"he\" and \"him\". \"I\" is capitalized either way.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038019","n43001038020"],"choice":"which, translated, means","alternatives":["which is said being translated"],"reason":"Two Greek verbs (\"is said\", \"being translated\") make one English phrase.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"demeurer (L, B); loger (R)","alternatives":["rester","habiter","séjourner"],"reason":"\"Où demeures-tu ?\" is natural French for asking where someone is staying, and \"demeurer\" is the verb French uses for \"remain\" in 15:4-10 (\"demeurez en moi\"), so the link that meaning decision m2 points to stays visible at Literal and Balanced. Readable says \"loger\", the plain word for where one is staying; \"habiter\" would suggest a settled home, the sense m2 sets aside.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038021"],"choice":"Maître","alternatives":["Enseignant","Professeur"],"reason":"\"Maître\" is how French addresses a teacher with respect; \"enseignant\" and \"professeur\" name a job and are never used to address someone.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-3","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001038016","n43001038023"],"choice":"tu to Jesus, with {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} and {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}","alternatives":["vous"],"reason":"The French brief for the whole book: people say \"tu\" to Jesus, as to anyone they speak to alone, and he says \"tu\" to one person and \"vous\" to several. The deity_pronoun setting covers \"tu\", \"toi\", \"te\" when he is spoken to, and \"lui\", \"le\", \"l’\" when he is spoken of.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"unakaa: one verb for staying and remaining","alternatives":["unaishi wapi?"],"reason":"English has to say \"staying\" here and \"remained\" in verse 32. Swahili \"kukaa\" means both, so the link the meaning note points to (staying with Jesus, remaining in him) is kept at every level.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"quedarse","alternatives":["permanecer","morar","vivir"],"reason":"The ordinary word for where someone is lodging, as the book-wide choice asks. \"Quedarse\" is used for both verbs in verse 39, so the repetition of the Greek can still be seen; the meaning note gives the link to \"permanecer\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001038016","n43001038023"],"choice":"no deity_pronoun span","alternatives":[],"reason":"Spanish addresses Jesus here with the verb and the clitic \"te\". The Spanish setting covers stressed pronouns only (\"tú\", \"él\", as in verse 49), following 1:1-18, so nothing is spanned here.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038017","n43001038018","n43001038019","n43001038020","n43001038021"],"choice":"Rabí","alternatives":["Rabino"],"reason":"The traditional Spanish form of the title. \"Rabino\" now names a Jewish religious office, not a form of address.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038017","n43001038023"],"choice":"\"랍비\" (L), \"랍비님\" (B, R); \"머무르다\" for staying","alternatives":["\"묵다\"","\"지내다\""],"reason":"As the style guide: Literal keeps the bare title, Balanced and Readable add the honorific \"-님\" that Korean requires in direct address. \"머무르다\" is natural for where someone is lodging and is also the book's word for remain, so the double sense the meaning decision notes (1:38-39 with 15:4) survives in Korean.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"\"Thầy\" for \"you\" when the disciples speak to Jesus, with no setting span","alternatives":["{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} as in the English \"you\" span"],"reason":"Vietnamese speaks to a respected person with a noun of address; \"Thầy\" (Teacher) is what \"Rabbi\" means and is always capitalised, so the deity_pronoun setting has nothing to change. \"thưa\" is the verb of respectful speech.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001038023"],"choice":"\"ở\" for staying (menō)","alternatives":["\"trọ\" (lodge)"],"reason":"\"ở\" is the plain word for where someone stays and shares its root with \"ở lại\" (remain), keeping the link the Greek makes between staying with Jesus here and remaining in him (15:4).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.39.s1","refs":["JHN.1.39"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001039001","n43001039002","n43001039003","n43001039004","n43001039005"],"text":"λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἔρχεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε."},"literal_gloss":"He says to them, \"Come, and you will see.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He said to them, \"Come, and you will see.\"","L":"He says to them, \"Come, and you will see.\"","R":"He told them, \"Come and you will see.\""},"es":{"B":"Les dijo: «{{plural_you:Vengan y verán|Venid y veréis}}».","L":"Les dice: «{{plural_you:Vengan, y verán|Venid, y veréis}}».","R":"Les contestó: «{{plural_you:Vengan y lo verán|Venid y lo veréis}}»."},"fr":{"B":"Il leur dit : « Venez, et vous verrez. »","L":"Il leur dit : « Venez, et vous verrez. »","R":"Il leur a dit : « Venez, et vous verrez. »"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 그들에게 말씀하셨다. \"오너라, 그러면 보게 될 것이다.\"","L":"그분이 그들에게 말씀하신다. \"오너라, 그러면 보게 될 것이다.\"","R":"예수께서 그들에게 말씀하셨다. \"오너라. 와 보면 알게 될 것이다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Akawaambia, \"Njooni, nanyi mtaona.\"","L":"Anawaambia, \"Njooni, nanyi mtaona.\"","R":"Akawaambia, \"Njooni mtaona.\""},"vi":{"B":"Ngài bảo họ: \"Hãy đến, rồi các anh sẽ thấy.\"","L":"Ngài nói với họ: \"Hãy đến, và các anh sẽ thấy.\"","R":"Ngài trả lời: \"Các anh cứ đến rồi sẽ thấy.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039001"],"language":"en","target_span":"He said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039002"],"language":"en","target_span":"to them"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039003"],"language":"en","target_span":"Come"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039004"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039005"],"language":"en","target_span":"you will see"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001039003","n43001039004","n43001039005"],"choice":"an invitation with a promise","alternatives":[],"reason":"Jesus does not answer with an address. He invites them, and promises that they will see; the promise grows in verses 50-51, \"you will see greater things\". In John, seeing often leads on to understanding and believing.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001039005"],"choice":"you will see (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["see (a command, in many later manuscripts)"],"reason":"Many later manuscripts have the command \"come and see\", as in verse 46. The sense is nearly the same, so no footnote.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039003","n43001039004","n43001039005"],"choice":"verán: a promise","alternatives":["vengan a ver"],"reason":"Follows the SBLGNT future (meaning decision m2): Jesus invites them and promises that they will see.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.39.s2","refs":["JHN.1.39"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001039006","n43001039007","n43001039008","n43001039009","n43001039010","n43001039011","n43001039012","n43001039013","n43001039014","n43001039015","n43001039016","n43001039017","n43001039018","n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"text":"ἦλθαν οὖν καὶ εἶδαν ποῦ μένει, καὶ παρ’ αὐτῷ ἔμειναν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην· ὥρα ἦν ὡς δεκάτη."},"literal_gloss":"They came therefore and saw where he stays, and with him they stayed the day that; [the] hour was about tenth.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"So they went and saw where {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was staying, and they spent the rest of that day with {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}. It was about four in the afternoon.","L":"So they came and saw where {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was staying, and they stayed with {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} that day; [the] hour was about [the] tenth.","R":"So they went and saw where {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was staying, and they stayed with {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} for the rest of that day. It was about four o'clock in the afternoon."},"es":{"B":"Así que fueron, vieron dónde se quedaba y pasaron con {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} el resto del día. Eran como las cuatro de la tarde.","L":"Vinieron, pues, y vieron dónde se quedaba, y se quedaron con {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} aquel día; era como la hora décima.","R":"Así que fueron y vieron dónde se quedaba, y se quedaron con {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} el resto del día. Eran como las cuatro de la tarde."},"fr":{"B":"Ils allèrent donc et virent où {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} demeurait, et ils demeurèrent auprès de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} le reste de la journée. Il était environ seize heures.","L":"Ils vinrent donc et virent où {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} demeurait, et ils demeurèrent auprès de {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} ce jour-là ; il était environ la dixième heure.","R":"Ils y sont donc allés et ils ont vu où {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} logeait. Ils sont restés avec {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} le reste de la journée. Il était environ quatre heures de l’après-midi."},"ko":{"B":"그래서 그들은 가서 그분이 머무르시는 곳을 보았고, 그날 남은 시간 동안 그분과 함께 머물렀다. 오후 네 시쯤이었다.","L":"그래서 그들이 와서 그분이 머무르시는 곳을 보았고, 그날 그분과 함께 머물렀다. 열째 시쯤이었다.","R":"그래서 그들은 가서 그분이 머무르시는 곳을 보았다. 그리고 그날 남은 시간 동안 그분과 함께 머물렀다. 그때가 오후 네 시쯤이었다."},"sw":{"B":"Basi walikwenda, wakaona mahali alipokuwa akikaa, wakakaa pamoja {{deity_pronoun:naye|Naye}} siku ile iliyobaki. Ilikuwa yapata saa kumi jioni.","L":"Basi wakaja, wakaona mahali anapokaa, wakakaa pamoja {{deity_pronoun:naye|Naye}} siku ile; ilikuwa yapata saa kumi.","R":"Basi walikwenda, wakaona mahali alipokuwa akikaa, wakakaa pamoja {{deity_pronoun:naye|Naye}} kwa muda wote uliobaki wa siku ile. Ilikuwa kama saa kumi jioni."},"vi":{"B":"Vậy họ đi theo và thấy chỗ {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ở, rồi họ ở lại với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} suốt phần còn lại của ngày hôm ấy. Lúc đó khoảng bốn giờ chiều.","L":"Vậy họ đã đến và thấy nơi {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ở, và họ ở lại với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ngày hôm ấy; [lúc ấy là] khoảng giờ thứ mười.","R":"Vậy họ đi và thấy chỗ {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} ở, rồi ở lại với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} cho đến hết ngày hôm đó. Lúc ấy khoảng bốn giờ chiều."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039007"],"language":"en","target_span":"So"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039006"],"language":"en","target_span":"they went"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039008"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039009"],"language":"en","target_span":"saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039010"],"language":"en","target_span":"where"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039011"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} was staying"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039012"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039015"],"language":"en","target_span":"they spent"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039016","n43001039017","n43001039018"],"language":"en","target_span":"the rest of that day"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039013","n43001039014"],"language":"en","target_span":"with {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039020"],"language":"en","target_span":"It was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039021"],"language":"en","target_span":"about"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039022"],"language":"en","target_span":"four in the afternoon"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"choice":"the tenth hour: about four in the afternoon","alternatives":["about ten in the morning, counting the hours from midnight"],"reason":"Jews and most people of the time counted the hours of daylight from sunrise, about six in the morning, so the tenth hour was about four in the afternoon; Jesus speaks of \"twelve hours in the day\" (11:9). Some have argued that John counts from midnight, as Roman documents sometimes did, which would make it ten in the morning. A footnote gives the literal wording and the other way of counting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001039011","n43001039015"],"choice":"stayed: the same verb as \"staying\" in verse 38","alternatives":[],"reason":"μένει and ἔμειναν repeat the verb of verse 38: they see where he stays, and they stay with him. See the note on verse 38 for the deeper sense of \"remain\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001039016","n43001039017","n43001039018"],"choice":"that day: for the rest of the day, perhaps also the night","alternatives":[],"reason":"The phrase says how long they stayed. Since it was already late afternoon, they spent the rest of the day with him, and perhaps the night.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"choice":"about four in the afternoon","alternatives":["about the tenth hour"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: clock times stay literal at Literal, and Balanced and Readable give the modern time (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001039016","n43001039017","n43001039018"],"choice":"the rest of","alternatives":["that day"],"reason":"See meaning decision m3.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039006"],"choice":"went","alternatives":["came"],"reason":"English tells the story from where the disciples were, so they \"went\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"choice":"la dixième heure (L); seize heures (B); quatre heures de l’après-midi (R)","alternatives":["environ dix heures"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for clock times in John: Literal keeps the hour as counted from sunrise, Balanced and Readable give the modern time (meaning decision m1, whose footnote gives the other way of counting). Balanced uses the twenty-four-hour clock of written French; Readable says it as people do aloud.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039011","n43001039015"],"choice":"demeurait ... demeurèrent (L, B); logeait ... sont restés (R)","alternatives":["rester at every level"],"reason":"As in verse 38. Literal and Balanced repeat one verb, as the Greek does (meaning decision m2); Readable uses the everyday words for lodging and staying.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"choice":"saa kumi at every level; jioni added at Balanced and Readable","alternatives":["saa nne jioni","saa 10 jioni"],"reason":"The Greek counts the hours from sunrise, and so does Swahili time. \"Saa kumi\" (the tenth hour) is therefore both the literal words and the right modern time, about four in the afternoon, and no level needs to convert it as the English does. Balanced and Readable add \"jioni\" (in the afternoon). \"Saa nne\" would be the international clock read in Swahili, which a Swahili reader takes as ten in the morning.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039019","n43001039020","n43001039021","n43001039022"],"choice":"como las cuatro de la tarde","alternatives":["la hora décima"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: clock times stay literal at Literal, and Balanced and Readable give the modern time (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001039016","n43001039017","n43001039018"],"choice":"el resto del día","alternatives":[],"reason":"See meaning decision m3.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001039006"],"choice":"fueron (B, R); vinieron (L)","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: the story is told from where the disciples were.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.40.s1","refs":["JHN.1.40"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001040001","n43001040002","n43001040003","n43001040004","n43001040005","n43001040006","n43001040007","n43001040008","n43001040009","n43001040010","n43001040011","n43001040012","n43001040013","n43001040014","n43001040015","n43001040016","n43001040017"],"text":"ἦν Ἀνδρέας ὁ ἀδελφὸς Σίμωνος Πέτρου εἷς ἐκ τῶν δύο τῶν ἀκουσάντων παρὰ Ἰωάννου καὶ ἀκολουθησάντων αὐτῷ·"},"literal_gloss":"Was Andrew the brother of Simon Peter one of the two of the [ones] having heard from John and having followed him;","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, was one of the two who heard John's words and followed Jesus.","L":"Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two who heard from John and followed {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}.","R":"Andrew was one of the two who heard what John said and followed Jesus. Andrew was Simon Peter's brother."},"es":{"B":"Andrés, hermano de Simón Pedro, era uno de los dos que oyeron lo que dijo Juan y siguieron a Jesús.","L":"Andrés, el hermano de Simón Pedro, era uno de los dos que oyeron a Juan y lo siguieron.","R":"Andrés era uno de los dos que oyeron lo que dijo Juan y siguieron a Jesús. Andrés era hermano de Simón Pedro."},"fr":{"B":"André, le frère de Simon Pierre, était l’un des deux qui avaient entendu les paroles de Jean et suivi Jésus.","L":"André, le frère de Simon Pierre, était l’un des deux qui avaient entendu Jean et qui {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}avaient suivi.","R":"André était l’un des deux qui avaient entendu ce que Jean disait et qui avaient suivi Jésus. André était le frère de Simon Pierre."},"ko":{"B":"요한의 말을 듣고 예수를 따라간 두 사람 가운데 하나는 시몬 베드로의 형제 안드레였다.","L":"요한에게서 듣고 그분을 따라간 두 사람 가운데 하나는 시몬 베드로의 형제 안드레였다.","R":"요한의 말을 듣고 예수를 따라간 두 사람 가운데 한 사람은 안드레였다. 안드레는 시몬 베드로의 형제였다."},"sw":{"B":"Andrea, ndugu yake Simoni Petro, alikuwa mmoja wa wale wawili waliosikia maneno ya Yohana, wakamfuata Yesu.","L":"Andrea, ndugu yake Simoni Petro, alikuwa mmoja wa wale wawili waliosikia kutoka kwa Yohana na kumfuata.","R":"Andrea alikuwa mmoja wa wale wawili waliosikia Yohana alivyosema, wakamfuata Yesu. Andrea alikuwa ndugu yake Simoni Petro."},"vi":{"B":"Anh-rê, người anh em của Si-môn Phi-e-rơ, là một trong hai người đã nghe lời Giăng và đi theo Đức Giê-xu.","L":"Anh-rê, người anh em của Si-môn Phi-e-rơ, là một trong hai người đã nghe Giăng [nói] và đã đi theo {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}.","R":"Anh-rê là một trong hai người đã nghe Giăng nói và đi theo Đức Giê-xu. Anh-rê là anh em ruột của Si-môn Phi-e-rơ."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040002"],"language":"en","target_span":"Andrew"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040005","n43001040006"],"language":"en","target_span":"Simon Peter's"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040003","n43001040004"],"language":"en","target_span":"brother"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040001"],"language":"en","target_span":"was"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040007"],"language":"en","target_span":"one"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040008","n43001040009","n43001040010"],"language":"en","target_span":"of the two"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040011","n43001040012"],"language":"en","target_span":"who heard"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040013","n43001040014"],"language":"en","target_span":"John's words"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040015"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040016"],"language":"en","target_span":"followed"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001040017"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001040017"],"choice":"him: Jesus","alternatives":["John"],"reason":"The two heard John and followed Jesus (verse 37).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001040005","n43001040006"],"choice":"Simon Peter: the name readers know him by","alternatives":[],"reason":"John calls him Simon Peter before Jesus gives him the name (verse 42), because his readers know him by it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001040007","n43001040008","n43001040009","n43001040010"],"choice":"the other of the two is not named","alternatives":[],"reason":"John names Andrew but not the other disciple. Some have suggested it was the disciple whom Jesus loved, who is also never named (13:23), but this passage does not say.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001040017"],"choice":"Jesus","alternatives":["him"],"reason":"See meaning decision m1.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001040017"],"choice":"Jesús","alternatives":["lo siguieron"],"reason":"See meaning decision m1. Literal keeps the pronoun, as the Greek does; it is the clitic \"lo\", which the Spanish setting does not cover.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001040004"],"choice":"\"형제\"","alternatives":["\"동생\"","\"형\""],"reason":"Korean usually says whether a brother is older (형) or younger (동생), but the Greek does not say which of the two was older, so the neutral \"형제\" is kept here and in 1:41.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001040004"],"choice":"\"người anh em\" (brother) without saying older or younger","alternatives":["\"em\" (younger brother)","\"anh\" (older brother)"],"reason":"Vietnamese normally says whether a brother is older or younger; the Gospel does not say, so \"người anh em\" (\"anh em ruột\" at Readable) leaves it open, as in 1:41.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.41.s1","refs":["JHN.1.41"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001041001","n43001041002","n43001041003","n43001041004","n43001041005","n43001041006","n43001041007","n43001041008","n43001041009","n43001041010","n43001041011","n43001041012","n43001041013","n43001041014","n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017","n43001041018"],"text":"εὑρίσκει οὗτος πρῶτον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἴδιον Σίμωνα καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Εὑρήκαμεν τὸν Μεσσίαν ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον χριστός."},"literal_gloss":"Finds this one first the brother the own Simon and says to him, \"We have found the Messiah\" (which is, being translated, Christ).","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, \"We have found the Messiah\" (that is, the {{christos:Christ|Anointed One}}).","L":"He first finds his own brother Simon and says to him, \"We have found the Messiah\" (which is translated {{christos:Christ|Anointed One}}).","R":"Andrew first went to find his brother Simon. He told him, \"We have found the Messiah!\" (Messiah is a Hebrew word for the {{christos:Christ|Anointed One}}, the king God promised.)"},"es":{"B":"Lo primero que hizo Andrés fue buscar a su hermano Simón y decirle: «Hemos encontrado al Mesías» (es decir, el {{christos:Cristo|Ungido}}).","L":"Este encuentra primero a su propio hermano Simón y le dice: «Hemos encontrado al Mesías» (que traducido es {{christos:Cristo|Ungido}}).","R":"Andrés fue primero a buscar a su hermano Simón y le dijo: «¡Hemos encontrado al Mesías!» (Mesías es una palabra hebrea que significa el {{christos:Cristo|Ungido}}, el rey que Dios había prometido)."},"fr":{"B":"André alla d’abord trouver son frère Simon et lui dit : « Nous avons trouvé le Messie » (ce qui veut dire {{christos:Christ|Oint}}).","L":"Il trouve d’abord son propre frère Simon et lui dit : « Nous avons trouvé le Messie » (ce qui se traduit par {{christos:Christ|Oint}}).","R":"André est d’abord allé trouver son frère Simon. Il lui a dit : « Nous avons trouvé le Messie ! » (Messie est un mot hébreu qui veut dire {{christos:Christ|Oint}} : c’est le roi que Dieu avait promis.)"},"ko":{"B":"안드레는 먼저 자기 형제 시몬을 찾아가서 말했다. \"우리가 메시아를 찾았다!\" (메시아를 옮기면 {{christos:그리스도|기름 부음 받은 분}}이다.)","L":"그가 먼저 자기 형제 시몬을 찾아 그에게 말한다. \"우리가 메시아를 찾았다.\" (메시아는 번역하면 {{christos:그리스도|기름 부음 받은 분}}이다.)","R":"안드레는 먼저 자기 형제 시몬을 찾아가서 말했다. \"우리가 메시아를 찾았다!\" (메시아는 {{christos:그리스도|기름 부음 받은 분}}, 곧 하나님께서 약속하신 왕을 가리키는 히브리 말이다.)"},"sw":{"B":"Jambo la kwanza Andrea alilofanya ni kwenda kumpata ndugu yake Simoni na kumwambia, \"Tumempata Masihi\" (yaani {{christos:Kristo|Aliyetiwa Mafuta}}).","L":"Huyu anampata kwanza ndugu yake mwenyewe Simoni, na kumwambia, \"Tumempata Masihi\" (ambalo likitafsiriwa ni {{christos:Kristo|Aliyetiwa Mafuta}}).","R":"Andrea alikwenda kwanza kumpata ndugu yake Simoni. Akamwambia, \"Tumempata Masihi!\" (Masihi ni neno la Kiebrania; maana yake ni {{christos:Kristo|Aliyetiwa Mafuta}}, mfalme aliyeahidiwa na Mungu.)"},"vi":{"B":"Việc đầu tiên Anh-rê làm là đi tìm Si-môn, người anh em của mình, và nói: \"Chúng tôi đã tìm được Đấng Mê-si-a\" (tức là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Được Xức Dầu}}).","L":"Trước hết, ông tìm gặp Si-môn, người anh em của mình, và nói với ông ấy: \"Chúng tôi đã tìm được Đấng Mê-si-a\" (dịch ra là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Được Xức Dầu}}).","R":"Trước hết, Anh-rê đi tìm Si-môn, người anh em của mình. Ông nói với Si-môn: \"Chúng tôi đã tìm được Đấng Mê-si-a rồi!\" (Mê-si-a là một từ Hê-bơ-rơ có nghĩa là {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Được Xức Dầu}}, tức là vị vua mà Đức Chúa Trời đã hứa.)"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041003"],"language":"en","target_span":"The first thing"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041002"],"language":"en","target_span":"Andrew"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041001"],"language":"en","target_span":"to find"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041006","n43001041007"],"language":"en","target_span":"his"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041004","n43001041005"],"language":"en","target_span":"brother"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041008"],"language":"en","target_span":"Simon"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041009"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041010"],"language":"en","target_span":"tell"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041011"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041012"],"language":"en","target_span":"We have found"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041013","n43001041014"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Messiah"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017"],"language":"en","target_span":"that is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001041018"],"language":"en","target_span":"the {{christos:Christ|Anointed One}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017","n43001041018"],"choice":"Messiah: the Hebrew title, anointed one, which John translates","alternatives":[],"reason":"Μεσσίαν is the Hebrew (and Aramaic) title written in Greek letters; John translates it with χριστός, the Greek word with the same meaning, \"anointed\". Kings (1 Samuel 16:13), priests and sometimes prophets were anointed with oil when God appointed them. By this time \"the Anointed One\" meant the king from David's line whom God had promised. Only John uses the Hebrew word in the New Testament (here and 4:25).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001041003"],"choice":"first (SBLGNT): the first thing he did","alternatives":["he was the first to find (some manuscripts)","in the morning (a few early Latin manuscripts)"],"reason":"Some manuscripts have a form that makes Andrew the first of the two to find his brother; a few early Latin ones read \"in the morning\". The meaning changes only a little, so no footnote.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001041012"],"choice":"We have found: the two disciples, and a discovery that holds","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"We\" is Andrew and the other disciple. The perfect tense presents the finding as settled. Philip uses the same words in verse 45: each one who finds Jesus tells someone else.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"Messiah, plain; {{christos:Christ|Anointed One}} for the explanation","alternatives":["{{christos:Christ|Messiah}}"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for 1:41: Messiah is written plainly, since it is the word Andrew used. The christos setting is on the explanation only, and its alternative is \"Anointed One\", so no setting can produce \"the Messiah (which means the Messiah)\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001041002"],"choice":"Andrew","alternatives":["this one"],"reason":"Balanced and Readable name Andrew for clarity.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017","n43001041018"],"choice":"a Hebrew word for ... the king God promised","alternatives":["which is translated Christ"],"reason":"Readable explains what the title meant (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"le Messie, plain; {{christos:Christ|Oint}} for the explanation, without an article","alternatives":["{{christos:le Christ|l’Oint}}","{{christos:Christ|Messie}}"],"reason":"As the English: \"Messie\" is the word Andrew used, so it has no setting, and the setting’s alternative is \"Oint\" so that no reader can get \"le Messie (ce qui veut dire Messie)\". The explanation names the word, so French needs no article, which also avoids a span that would have to switch between \"le Christ\" and the elided \"l’Oint\".","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017","n43001041018"],"choice":"Oint ... le roi que Dieu avait promis","alternatives":["celui qui a reçu l’onction"],"reason":"\"Oint\" is not an everyday word for young readers; as in the English Readable, the clause after it says what the title meant (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"Masihi, plain; {{christos:Kristo|Aliyetiwa Mafuta}} for the explanation","alternatives":["{{christos:Kristo|Masihi}} for the explanation"],"reason":"As in the English: the Hebrew title is written plainly, and the explanation has its own alternative, so no setting can produce \"Masihi (that is, Masihi)\". \"Aliyetiwa Mafuta\" (the one anointed with oil) says what both titles mean.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"Mesías, plain; {{christos:Cristo|Ungido}} for the explanation","alternatives":[],"reason":"The book-wide choice for 1:41: \"Mesías\" is written plainly, since it is the word Andrew used, and the setting is on the explanation only, so no setting can produce \"el Mesías (es decir, el Mesías)\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001041002"],"choice":"Andrés","alternatives":[],"reason":"Balanced and Readable name Andrew for clarity.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001041015","n43001041016","n43001041017","n43001041018"],"choice":"una palabra hebrea que significa ... el rey que Dios había prometido","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable explains what the title meant (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"\"메시아\" plainly; {{christos:그리스도|기름 부음 받은 분}} for John's explanation","alternatives":["{{christos:그리스도|메시아}}"],"reason":"As docs/john-terms.md: the Hebrew title is written plainly, and the explanation gets its own alternative so that no setting produces \"메시아는 메시아이다\". \"기름 부음 받은 분\" (the anointed one) is what the word means.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001041012"],"choice":"Andrew speaks to his brother in 해라체 (\"찾았다\")","alternatives":["합쇼체","해요체"],"reason":"Between brothers and friends the plain style is natural; the same holds for Philip and Nathanael in 1:45-46. \"찾았다\" (found) echoes \"찾아\" (finds) in the narrative, as the Greek repeats the verb.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001041014","n43001041018"],"choice":"\"Đấng Mê-si-a\" plain; {{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Được Xức Dầu}} for John's explanation","alternatives":["{{christos:Đấng Christ|Đấng Mê-si-a}} as elsewhere"],"reason":"With the usual alternative the setting would print \"Đấng Mê-si-a (that is, Đấng Mê-si-a)\"; the explanation gets its own alternative, \"the Anointed One\", as in the English.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001041012"],"choice":"exclusive \"chúng tôi\" (we, not including Simon)","alternatives":["inclusive \"chúng ta\""],"reason":"Andrew speaks for himself and the other disciple; Simon was not with them, so Vietnamese uses the \"we\" that leaves out the hearer.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.42.s1","refs":["JHN.1.42"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001042001","n43001042002","n43001042003","n43001042004","n43001042005"],"text":"ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν."},"literal_gloss":"He led him to the Jesus.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He brought Simon to Jesus.","L":"He brought him to Jesus.","R":"Andrew brought Simon to Jesus."},"es":{"B":"Y llevó a Simón adonde estaba Jesús.","L":"Lo llevó a Jesús.","R":"Andrés llevó a Simón a ver a Jesús."},"fr":{"B":"Il amena Simon à Jésus.","L":"Il l’amena à Jésus.","R":"André a amené Simon à Jésus."},"ko":{"B":"안드레는 시몬을 예수께 데리고 갔다.","L":"그가 그를 예수께 데리고 갔다.","R":"안드레는 시몬을 예수께 데려갔다."},"sw":{"B":"Akampeleka Simoni kwa Yesu.","L":"Akampeleka kwa Yesu.","R":"Andrea akampeleka Simoni kwa Yesu."},"vi":{"B":"Ông dẫn Si-môn đến với Đức Giê-xu.","L":"Ông dẫn người ấy đến với Đức Giê-xu.","R":"Anh-rê dẫn Si-môn đến gặp Đức Giê-xu."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042001"],"language":"en","target_span":"He brought"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042002"],"language":"en","target_span":"Simon"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042003"],"language":"en","target_span":"to"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042004","n43001042005"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001042001","n43001042002","n43001042003","n43001042004","n43001042005"],"choice":"bringing others to Jesus","alternatives":[],"reason":"Andrew does not argue; he brings his brother. The pattern repeats through the chapter (verse 45) and later (4:29; 12:22).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042001","n43001042002"],"choice":"Simon (B); Andrew, Simon (R)","alternatives":["he, him"],"reason":"Names make plain who brought whom.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042001","n43001042002"],"choice":"Simón (B); Andrés, Simón (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Names make plain who brought whom.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.42.s2","refs":["JHN.1.42"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001042006","n43001042007","n43001042008","n43001042009","n43001042010","n43001042011","n43001042012","n43001042013","n43001042014","n43001042015","n43001042016","n43001042017","n43001042018","n43001042019","n43001042020","n43001042021","n43001042022"],"text":"ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Σὺ εἶ Σίμων ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωάννου, σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται Πέτρος."},"literal_gloss":"Having looked at him the Jesus said, \"You are Simon the son of John; you will be called Cephas\" (which is translated Peter).","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Jesus looked closely at him and said, \"You are Simon, son of John. You will be called Cephas\" (which means Peter, that is, Rock).","L":"Jesus, looking at him, said, \"You are Simon the son of John; you will be called Cephas\" (which is translated Peter).","R":"Jesus looked straight at him and said, \"You are Simon, son of John. But you will be called Cephas.\" (Cephas and Peter both mean Rock.)"},"es":{"B":"Jesús lo miró fijamente y le dijo: «Tú eres Simón, hijo de Juan. Te llamarás Cefas» (que significa Pedro, es decir, Piedra).","L":"Fijando la mirada en él, Jesús dijo: «Tú eres Simón, el hijo de Juan; tú serás llamado Cefas» (que se traduce Pedro).","R":"Jesús lo miró directamente y le dijo: «Tú eres Simón, hijo de Juan. Pero te llamarán Cefas» (Cefas y Pedro significan Piedra)."},"fr":{"B":"Jésus le regarda attentivement et dit : « Tu es Simon, fils de Jean. Tu seras appelé Céphas » (ce qui se traduit par Pierre).","L":"Jésus, fixant les yeux sur lui, dit : « Tu es Simon, le fils de Jean ; tu seras appelé Céphas » (ce qui se traduit par Pierre).","R":"Jésus l’a regardé droit dans les yeux et lui a dit : « Tu es Simon, fils de Jean. Mais on t’appellera Céphas. » (Céphas et Pierre veulent tous les deux dire « pierre » ou « rocher ».)"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 그를 유심히 보시고 말씀하셨다. \"너는 요한의 아들 시몬이다. 너는 게바라고 불릴 것이다.\" (게바는 베드로, 곧 바위라는 뜻이다.)","L":"예수께서 그를 눈여겨보시고 말씀하셨다. \"너는 요한의 아들 시몬이다. 너는 게바라고 불릴 것이다.\" (게바는 번역하면 베드로이다.)","R":"예수께서 그를 똑바로 바라보시며 말씀하셨다. \"너는 요한의 아들 시몬이다. 그러나 앞으로는 게바라고 불릴 것이다.\" (게바와 베드로는 둘 다 바위라는 뜻이다.)"},"sw":{"B":"Yesu alimkazia macho, akasema, \"Wewe ni Simoni, mwana wa Yohana. Utaitwa Kefa\" (maana yake ni Petro, yaani Mwamba).","L":"Yesu, akimtazama, akasema, \"Wewe ni Simoni mwana wa Yohana; utaitwa Kefa\" (ambalo likitafsiriwa ni Petro).","R":"Yesu alimtazama moja kwa moja, akasema, \"Wewe ni Simoni, mwana wa Yohana. Lakini utaitwa Kefa.\" (Kefa na Petro yote mawili maana yake ni Mwamba.)"},"vi":{"B":"Đức Giê-xu nhìn chăm chú vào ông và nói: \"Anh là Si-môn, con của Giăng. Anh sẽ được gọi là Sê-pha\" (nghĩa là Phi-e-rơ, tức là Đá).","L":"Đức Giê-xu nhìn ông và nói: \"Anh là Si-môn con của Giăng; anh sẽ được gọi là Sê-pha\" (dịch ra là Phi-e-rơ).","R":"Đức Giê-xu nhìn thẳng vào ông và nói: \"Anh là Si-môn, con của Giăng. Nhưng anh sẽ được gọi là Sê-pha.\" (Sê-pha và Phi-e-rơ đều có nghĩa là Đá.)"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042008","n43001042009"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042006"],"language":"en","target_span":"looked closely at"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042007"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042010"],"language":"en","target_span":"said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042011"],"language":"en","target_span":"You"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042012"],"language":"en","target_span":"are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042013"],"language":"en","target_span":"Simon"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042014","n43001042015"],"language":"en","target_span":"son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042016"],"language":"en","target_span":"of John"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042017"],"language":"en","target_span":"You"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042018"],"language":"en","target_span":"will be called"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042019"],"language":"en","target_span":"Cephas"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042020","n43001042021"],"language":"en","target_span":"which means"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001042022"],"language":"en","target_span":"Peter"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001042019","n43001042020","n43001042021","n43001042022"],"choice":"Cephas and Peter both mean rock","alternatives":[],"reason":"Κηφᾶς is the Aramaic word for rock, written in Greek letters; Πέτρος is the Greek word for a rock or stone, used as a name. John translates one by the other. Paul usually calls him Cephas (1 Corinthians 1:12; Galatians 2:9).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001042018"],"choice":"you will be called: the new name looks ahead","alternatives":[],"reason":"Jesus does not simply rename him; the future tense points to what Simon will become (compare Matthew 16:18). In Scripture God gives new names that mark a new calling, as with Abram and Jacob (Genesis 17:5; 32:28).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"text_variant","tokens":["n43001042016"],"choice":"son of John (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["son of Jonah, or Jonas (many later manuscripts)"],"reason":"The oldest manuscripts read John here and in 21:15-17; many later ones read Jonah, as in Matthew 16:17 (\"Bar-Jonah\"). This John is not John the Baptist.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001042006"],"choice":"looked closely","alternatives":[],"reason":"The same fixed look as in verse 36.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042022"],"choice":"that is, Rock (B); both mean Rock (R)","alternatives":["which is translated Peter"],"reason":"\"Peter\" is a translation only for those who know Greek; Balanced and Readable give the meaning (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042017"],"choice":"But","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable marks the contrast between his old name and the new one.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001042019","n43001042022"],"choice":"ce qui se traduit par Pierre (B); Céphas et Pierre veulent tous les deux dire « pierre » ou « rocher » (R)","alternatives":["(ce qui veut dire Pierre, c’est-à-dire Roc), as the English Balanced"],"reason":"In French, as in Greek, the name Pierre is also the common word \"pierre\", stone or rock, so the translation John gives already carries its meaning and Balanced needs no added gloss (meaning decision m1). Readable says it outright for young readers, adding \"rocher\" because a \"pierre\" can be small and the name points to something solid.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001042018"],"choice":"tu seras appelé Céphas","alternatives":["tu t’appelleras Céphas"],"reason":"The passive future keeps the sense that the name is given to him (meaning decision m2); \"tu t’appelleras\" could be read as a plain statement of what his name will be. Readable says \"on t’appellera\", the everyday way to say the same.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042022"],"choice":"es decir, Piedra (B); significan Piedra (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Spanish readers may hear \"piedra\" in \"Pedro\", but it is still a name; Balanced and Readable give the meaning (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001042017"],"choice":"Pero","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable marks the contrast between his old name and the new one.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001042019","n43001042022"],"choice":"\"게바\", \"베드로\"; \"바위\" (B, R)","alternatives":["\"반석\""],"reason":"\"게바\" and \"베드로\" are the established Korean forms of the two names. \"바위\" (rock) is the everyday word; \"반석\" is the older church word.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001042019","n43001042022"],"choice":"\"Sê-pha\" for Cephas; \"Đá\" (Rock) for the meaning (B, R)","alternatives":["\"Kê-pha\" (Catholic)","\"Hòn Đá\""],"reason":"Protestant transliteration, not in the guide's list; \"Đá\" is capitalised because it explains a name.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.43.s1","refs":["JHN.1.43"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001043001","n43001043002","n43001043003","n43001043004","n43001043005","n43001043006","n43001043007"],"text":"Τῇ ἐπαύριον ἠθέλησεν ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν."},"literal_gloss":"On the next day he wanted to go out into the Galilee.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"The next day Jesus decided to leave for Galilee.","L":"On the next day [{{deity_pronoun:he|He}}] wanted to go out into Galilee.","R":"The next day Jesus decided to go to Galilee."},"es":{"B":"Al día siguiente, Jesús decidió partir hacia Galilea.","L":"Al día siguiente quiso salir hacia Galilea.","R":"Al día siguiente, Jesús decidió ir a Galilea."},"fr":{"B":"Le lendemain, Jésus décida de partir pour la Galilée.","L":"Le lendemain, [{{deity_pronoun:il|Il}}] voulut partir pour la Galilée.","R":"Le lendemain, Jésus a décidé d’aller en Galilée."},"ko":{"B":"다음 날 예수께서는 갈릴리로 떠나기로 하셨다.","L":"다음 날 [그분은] 갈릴리로 나가려고 하셨다.","R":"다음 날 예수께서는 갈릴리로 가기로 하셨다."},"sw":{"B":"Kesho yake Yesu aliamua kwenda Galilaya.","L":"Kesho yake alitaka kwenda Galilaya.","R":"Kesho yake Yesu aliamua kwenda Galilaya."},"vi":{"B":"Hôm sau, Đức Giê-xu quyết định đi đến Ga-li-lê.","L":"Ngày hôm sau, [{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}] muốn đi đến Ga-li-lê.","R":"Hôm sau, Đức Giê-xu quyết định đi Ga-li-lê."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043001","n43001043002"],"language":"en","target_span":"The next day"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043003"],"language":"en","target_span":"decided"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043004"],"language":"en","target_span":"to leave"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043005"],"language":"en","target_span":"for"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043006","n43001043007"],"language":"en","target_span":"Galilee"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"the subject is Jesus","alternatives":["Andrew or Peter"],"reason":"The verb has no stated subject. The next sentence names Jesus as the one who calls Philip, and the story then moves north to Galilee (2:1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001043001","n43001043002"],"choice":"the days are counted","alternatives":["no significance in the count"],"reason":"John marks the days: the first day (1:19-28), the next day (1:29), the next day (1:35), the next day (here), and \"on the third day\" (2:1). Whether he means a week that echoes the week of creation, which his opening words recalled (1:1; Genesis 1:1), cannot be shown; at least the count ties the calling of the disciples to the first sign at Cana.","uncertain":true,"footnote":true},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"[he] (L); Jesus (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"English needs a subject (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"decided","alternatives":["wanted"],"reason":"θέλω here is a decision to act, which he then carries out.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"alitaka, with the subject in the verb","alternatives":["[Yesu] alitaka"],"reason":"The English Literal brackets \"[he]\". Swahili carries the subject in the verb (a-litaka), so Literal needs no bracket; Balanced and Readable name Jesus, as the English does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"no supplied subject (L); Jesús (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Spanish, like Greek, can leave the subject in the verb, so Literal needs no bracketed pronoun. Balanced and Readable name Jesus (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001043003"],"choice":"decidió","alternatives":["quiso"],"reason":"As in English: a decision to act, which he then carries out.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.43.s2","refs":["JHN.1.43"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001043008","n43001043009","n43001043010","n43001043011","n43001043012","n43001043013","n43001043014","n43001043015","n43001043016","n43001043017"],"text":"καὶ εὑρίσκει Φίλιππον καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀκολούθει μοι."},"literal_gloss":"And he finds Philip, and says to him the Jesus, \"Follow me.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"He found Philip and said to him, \"Follow {{deity_pronoun:me|Me}}.\"","L":"And {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} finds Philip, and Jesus says to him, \"Follow {{deity_pronoun:me|Me}}.\"","R":"He found Philip and told him, \"Follow {{deity_pronoun:me|Me}}.\""},"es":{"B":"Encontró a Felipe y le dijo: «Sígueme».","L":"Y encuentra a Felipe, y Jesús le dice: «Sígueme».","R":"Se encontró con Felipe y le dijo: «Sígueme»."},"fr":{"B":"Il trouva Philippe et lui dit : « Suis-{{deity_pronoun:moi|Moi}}. »","L":"Et {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} trouve Philippe, et Jésus lui dit : « Suis-{{deity_pronoun:moi|Moi}}. »","R":"Il a trouvé Philippe et lui a dit : « Suis-{{deity_pronoun:moi|Moi}}. »"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 빌립을 만나 말씀하셨다. \"나를 따라오너라.\"","L":"그리고 그분이 빌립을 찾으신다. 예수께서 그에게 말씀하신다. \"나를 따라오너라.\"","R":"예수께서 빌립을 찾아가 말씀하셨다. \"나를 따라오너라.\""},"sw":{"B":"Akampata Filipo, akamwambia, \"Nifuate.\"","L":"Naye anampata Filipo, na Yesu anamwambia, \"Nifuate.\"","R":"Akampata Filipo, akamwambia, \"Nifuate.\""},"vi":{"B":"Ngài tìm gặp Phi-líp và bảo ông: \"Hãy theo {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}}.\"","L":"Và {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} tìm gặp Phi-líp, và Đức Giê-xu nói với ông: \"Hãy theo {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}}.\"","R":"Ngài gặp Phi-líp và bảo ông: \"Hãy đi theo {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}}.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043009"],"language":"en","target_span":"He found"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043010"],"language":"en","target_span":"Philip"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043011"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043012"],"language":"en","target_span":"said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043013"],"language":"en","target_span":"to him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043016"],"language":"en","target_span":"Follow"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001043017"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:me|Me}}"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001043016","n43001043017"],"choice":"Follow me: the call to be a disciple","alternatives":[],"reason":"The present command asks for continuing to follow. It is the same verb as in verse 37; here Jesus himself gives the call. The others in this chapter are brought by someone else.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001043017"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:me|Me}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 38: the setting covers every pronoun for Christ.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001043017"],"choice":"Sígueme, no setting","alternatives":[],"reason":"In Spanish the pronoun for Christ is a clitic joined to the verb; the Spanish setting covers stressed pronouns only, as in 1:1-18.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001043017"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} when Jesus speaks of himself","alternatives":["\"tôi\"","\"Ta\" always capitalised"],"reason":"\"ta\" is the dignified first person a master or king uses, as the style guide sets for Jesus; the setting only decides its capital in mid-sentence. At the start of a sentence it is written \"Ta\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.44.s1","refs":["JHN.1.44"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001044001","n43001044002","n43001044003","n43001044004","n43001044005","n43001044006","n43001044007","n43001044008","n43001044009","n43001044010","n43001044011","n43001044012"],"text":"ἦν δὲ ὁ Φίλιππος ἀπὸ Βηθσαϊδά, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Ἀνδρέου καὶ Πέτρου."},"literal_gloss":"Was now the Philip from Bethsaida, out of the city of Andrew and Peter.","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Philip came from Bethsaida, the hometown of Andrew and Peter.","L":"Now Philip was from Bethsaida, from the town of Andrew and Peter.","R":"Philip was from the town of Bethsaida. Andrew and Peter came from there too."},"es":{"B":"Felipe era de Betsaida, el pueblo de Andrés y de Pedro.","L":"Y Felipe era de Betsaida, de la ciudad de Andrés y de Pedro.","R":"Felipe era del pueblo de Betsaida. Andrés y Pedro también eran de allí."},"fr":{"B":"Philippe était originaire de Bethsaïda, la ville d’André et de Pierre.","L":"Or Philippe était de Bethsaïda, de la ville d’André et de Pierre.","R":"Philippe venait de la ville de Bethsaïda. André et Pierre venaient de là aussi."},"ko":{"B":"빌립은 안드레와 베드로의 고향인 벳새다 출신이었다.","L":"그런데 빌립은 벳새다 출신으로, 안드레와 베드로의 고을에서 [온 사람이었다].","R":"빌립은 벳새다라는 마을 출신이었다. 안드레와 베드로도 그곳 출신이었다."},"sw":{"B":"Filipo alikuwa mwenyeji wa Bethsaida, mji wa Andrea na Petro.","L":"Basi Filipo alikuwa wa Bethsaida, kutoka mji wa Andrea na Petro.","R":"Filipo alikuwa wa mji wa Bethsaida. Andrea na Petro nao walitoka huko."},"vi":{"B":"Phi-líp quê ở Bết-sai-đa, cùng quê với Anh-rê và Phi-e-rơ.","L":"Phi-líp đến từ Bết-sai-đa, từ thành của Anh-rê và Phi-e-rơ.","R":"Phi-líp là người thị trấn Bết-sai-đa. Anh-rê và Phi-e-rơ cũng là người ở đó."}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044003","n43001044004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Philip"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044001"],"language":"en","target_span":"came"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044005"],"language":"en","target_span":"from"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044006"],"language":"en","target_span":"Bethsaida"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044007","n43001044008","n43001044009"],"language":"en","target_span":"the hometown"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044010"],"language":"en","target_span":"of Andrew"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044011"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001044012"],"language":"en","target_span":"Peter"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001044009"],"choice":"city: a town of any size","alternatives":["a large city"],"reason":"πόλις is any town with its own community. Bethsaida was a fishing town at the north end of the Sea of Galilee.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001044005","n43001044006","n43001044007","n43001044008","n43001044009","n43001044010","n43001044011","n43001044012"],"choice":"where they came from, not necessarily where they lived","alternatives":[],"reason":"Mark 1:21, 29 places the house of Simon and Andrew in Capernaum, a few miles away. Bethsaida is the town they came from.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001044009"],"choice":"pueblo (B, R); ciudad (L)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Bethsaida was a fishing town (meaning decision m1); in Spanish \"ciudad\" suggests a large place.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001044009"],"choice":"\"고을\" (L); \"고향\" (B); \"마을\" (R)","alternatives":["\"성\"","\"도시\""],"reason":"The meaning decision says the word means a town of any size; \"도시\" (city) would make Bethsaida sound large and \"성\" (walled city) is old-fashioned.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.45.s1","refs":["JHN.1.45"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001045001","n43001045002","n43001045003","n43001045004","n43001045005","n43001045006","n43001045007","n43001045008","n43001045009","n43001045010","n43001045011","n43001045012","n43001045013","n43001045014","n43001045015","n43001045016","n43001045017","n43001045018","n43001045019","n43001045020","n43001045021","n43001045022","n43001045023","n43001045024"],"text":"εὑρίσκει Φίλιππος τὸν Ναθαναὴλ καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ὃν ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ καὶ οἱ προφῆται εὑρήκαμεν, Ἰησοῦν υἱὸν τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέτ."},"literal_gloss":"Finds Philip the Nathanael and says to him, \"[The one] whom wrote Moses in the law and the prophets we have found, Jesus son of the Joseph, the [one] from Nazareth.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Philip found Nathanael and told him, \"Moses wrote about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} in the law, and so did the prophets, and now we have found {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}: Jesus son of Joseph, from Nazareth.\"","L":"Philip finds Nathanael and says to him, \"The one about whom Moses wrote in the law, and the prophets [also], we have found: Jesus, son of Joseph, the one from Nazareth.\"","R":"Then Philip found Nathanael and told him, \"Moses wrote about {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} in the law, and the prophets did too. Now we have found {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}! His name is Jesus. He is the son of Joseph, from Nazareth.\""},"es":{"B":"Felipe encontró a Natanael y le dijo: «Moisés escribió acerca de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} en la ley, y también los profetas, y ahora lo hemos encontrado: es Jesús, hijo de José, de Nazaret».","L":"Felipe encuentra a Natanael y le dice: «Aquel de quien escribió Moisés en la ley, y [también] los profetas, lo hemos encontrado: Jesús, hijo de José, el de Nazaret».","R":"Entonces Felipe encontró a Natanael y le dijo: «Moisés escribió acerca de {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}} en la ley, y los profetas también. ¡Y ahora lo hemos encontrado! Se llama Jesús. Es hijo de José, de Nazaret»."},"fr":{"B":"Philippe trouva Nathanaël et lui dit : « Moïse a écrit à {{deity_pronoun:son|Son}} sujet dans la Loi, et les prophètes aussi ; maintenant nous {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}avons trouvé : c’est Jésus, fils de Joseph, de Nazareth. »","L":"Philippe trouve Nathanaël et lui dit : « Celui dont Moïse a écrit dans la Loi, et les prophètes [aussi], nous {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}avons trouvé : Jésus, fils de Joseph, celui de Nazareth. »","R":"Ensuite, Philippe a trouvé Nathanaël et lui a dit : « Moïse a écrit sur {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} dans la Loi, et les prophètes aussi. Maintenant, nous {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}avons trouvé ! Il s’appelle Jésus. C’est le fils de Joseph, de Nazareth. »"},"ko":{"B":"빌립은 나다나엘을 찾아가 말했다. \"모세가 율법에 그분에 대해 기록했고, 예언자들도 기록했다. 우리가 바로 그분을 찾았다. 나사렛 출신, 요셉의 아들 예수시다.\"","L":"빌립이 나다나엘을 찾아 그에게 말한다. \"모세가 율법에 기록하였고 예언자들도 [기록한] 그분을 우리가 찾았다. 요셉의 아들, 나사렛에서 오신 예수시다.\"","R":"그 뒤에 빌립은 나다나엘을 찾아가 말했다. \"모세가 율법에 그분에 대해 썼고, 예언자들도 그분에 대해 썼다. 그런데 우리가 그분을 찾았다! 그분의 이름은 예수시다. 요셉의 아들이시고, 나사렛에서 오셨다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Filipo alimpata Nathanaeli, akamwambia, \"Musa aliandika habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}} katika sheria, na manabii pia waliandika, nasi sasa tumempata: Yesu mwana wa Yusufu, kutoka Nazareti.\"","L":"Filipo anampata Nathanaeli na kumwambia, \"Yule ambaye Musa aliandika habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}} katika sheria, na manabii [pia], tumempata: Yesu, mwana wa Yusufu, wa Nazareti.\"","R":"Kisha Filipo alimpata Nathanaeli, akamwambia, \"Musa aliandika habari {{deity_pronoun:zake|Zake}} katika sheria, na manabii nao waliandika. Sasa tumempata! Jina {{deity_pronoun:lake|Lake}} ni Yesu. Yeye ni mwana wa Yusufu, kutoka Nazareti.\""},"vi":{"B":"Phi-líp tìm gặp Na-tha-na-ên và nói: \"Môi-se đã viết về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} trong luật pháp, các tiên tri cũng đã viết về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, và nay chúng tôi đã tìm được {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: đó là Đức Giê-xu, con ông Giô-sép, người Na-xa-rét.\"","L":"Phi-líp tìm gặp Na-tha-na-ên và nói với ông: \"Đấng mà Môi-se đã viết đến trong luật pháp, và các tiên tri [cũng đã viết đến], chúng tôi đã tìm được, là Đức Giê-xu, con của Giô-sép, người Na-xa-rét.\"","R":"Rồi Phi-líp tìm gặp Na-tha-na-ên và nói: \"Môi-se đã viết về {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} trong luật pháp, và các tiên tri cũng vậy. Bây giờ chúng tôi đã tìm được {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} rồi! Đó là Đức Giê-xu, con ông Giô-sép, ở Na-xa-rét.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045002"],"language":"en","target_span":"Philip"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045001"],"language":"en","target_span":"found"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045003","n43001045004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nathanael"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045005"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045006"],"language":"en","target_span":"told"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045007"],"language":"en","target_span":"him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045010"],"language":"en","target_span":"Moses"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045009"],"language":"en","target_span":"wrote about"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045008"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045011"],"language":"en","target_span":"in"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045012","n43001045013"],"language":"en","target_span":"the law"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045014"],"language":"en","target_span":"and so did"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045015","n43001045016"],"language":"en","target_span":"the prophets"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045017"],"language":"en","target_span":"we have found"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045018"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045019"],"language":"en","target_span":"son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045020","n43001045021"],"language":"en","target_span":"of Joseph"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001045022","n43001045023","n43001045024"],"language":"en","target_span":"from Nazareth"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001045008","n43001045009","n43001045010","n43001045011","n43001045012","n43001045013","n43001045014","n43001045015","n43001045016"],"choice":"Moses in the law and the prophets: the Scriptures of Israel","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"Moses in the law and the prophets\" names the Scriptures by two of their main parts (compare Luke 24:27, 44). Moses wrote of a prophet like himself (Deuteronomy 18:15, 18; see verse 21), and the prophets spoke of the coming king. Philip believes Jesus is the one they point to; Jesus says the same of the Scriptures in 5:39, 46.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001045018","n43001045019","n43001045020","n43001045021","n43001045022","n43001045023","n43001045024"],"choice":"son of Joseph, from Nazareth: how people knew him","alternatives":[],"reason":"This is how Jesus was ordinarily identified: by his father's name and his town (compare 6:42). John does not correct Philip. His readers already know from 1:1-14 where Jesus really comes from, and the question of his origin returns in 7:27-28 and 7:41-42.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001045008","n43001045009","n43001045010","n43001045011","n43001045012","n43001045013","n43001045014","n43001045015","n43001045016","n43001045017"],"choice":"Moses wrote about him ... now we have found him","alternatives":["We have found the one Moses wrote about ..."],"reason":"The Greek puts the one Moses wrote about first and \"we have found\" late, building up to the name. Balanced and Readable keep that order by saying \"him\" twice.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001045008"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The pronouns refer to Jesus.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001045008","n43001045017"],"choice":"nous {{deity_pronoun:l’|L’}}avons trouvé; à {{deity_pronoun:son|Son}} sujet (B); sur {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"French picks up \"the one Moses wrote about\" with an object pronoun before \"avons trouvé\", even at Literal, where it keeps the Greek order; the pronouns refer to Jesus and take the setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001045008","n43001045009","n43001045010","n43001045011","n43001045012","n43001045013","n43001045014","n43001045015","n43001045016","n43001045017"],"choice":"Moisés escribió acerca de él ... ahora lo hemos encontrado","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Balanced and Readable keep the Greek build-up to the name by speaking of him twice.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001045008"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The pronoun after \"acerca de\" refers to Jesus; the clitic \"lo\" takes no setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001045018"],"choice":"\"Đức Giê-xu\" also in Philip's words; \"Na-xa-rét\" for Nazareth","alternatives":["\"ông Giê-xu\" in Philip's mouth","\"Na-da-rét\" (Catholic)"],"reason":"The honorific stays with the name in speech as in narrative, since Philip already follows him. Nazareth is not in the guide's list; this is the Protestant form.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.46.s1","refs":["JHN.1.46"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001046001","n43001046002","n43001046003","n43001046004","n43001046005","n43001046006","n43001046007","n43001046008","n43001046009","n43001046010"],"text":"καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· Ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι;"},"literal_gloss":"And said to him Nathanael, \"Out of Nazareth can something good be?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Nathanael answered, \"Can anything good be from a place like Nazareth?\"","L":"And Nathanael said to him, \"Out of Nazareth can anything good be?\"","R":"Nathanael said, \"Nazareth? Does anything good ever come from that town?\""},"es":{"B":"Natanael respondió: «¿Puede salir algo bueno de un lugar como Nazaret?».","L":"Y Natanael le dijo: «¿De Nazaret puede haber algo bueno?».","R":"Natanael dijo: «¿De Nazaret? ¿Acaso sale algo bueno de ese pueblo?»."},"fr":{"B":"Nathanaël lui répondit : « D’un endroit comme Nazareth, peut-il sortir quelque chose de bon ? »","L":"Et Nathanaël lui dit : « De Nazareth peut-il y avoir quelque chose de bon ? »","R":"Nathanaël a dit : « Nazareth ? Est-ce que quelque chose de bon peut venir de ce village ? »"},"ko":{"B":"나다나엘이 대답했다. \"나사렛 같은 곳에서 좋은 것이 나올 수 있겠느냐?\"","L":"그러자 나다나엘이 그에게 말했다. \"나사렛에서 무슨 좋은 것이 있을 수 있겠느냐?\"","R":"나다나엘이 말했다. \"나사렛? 그런 동네에서 무슨 좋은 것이 나오겠느냐?\""},"sw":{"B":"Nathanaeli akajibu, \"Je, kitu chema kinaweza kutoka mahali kama Nazareti?\"","L":"Na Nathanaeli akamwambia, \"Kutoka Nazareti kinaweza kuwako kitu chema?\"","R":"Nathanaeli akasema, \"Nazareti? Kuna kitu chochote kizuri kinachotoka katika mji ule?\""},"vi":{"B":"Na-tha-na-ên đáp: \"Từ một nơi như Na-xa-rét mà có điều gì tốt được sao?\"","L":"Và Na-tha-na-ên nói với ông: \"Từ Na-xa-rét có thể có điều gì tốt sao?\"","R":"Na-tha-na-ên nói: \"Na-xa-rét ư? Có điều gì tốt đẹp ra từ cái làng đó được sao?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nathanael"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046002"],"language":"en","target_span":"answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046007"],"language":"en","target_span":"Can"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046008","n43001046009"],"language":"en","target_span":"anything good"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046010"],"language":"en","target_span":"be"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046005"],"language":"en","target_span":"from"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046006"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nazareth"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001046005","n43001046006"],"choice":"Nazareth was small and unimportant","alternatives":[],"reason":"Nazareth was a small village in Galilee, never named in the Old Testament, and no one looked for the Messiah to come from it (compare 7:41-42, 52). Nathanael himself came from Cana (21:2), another town of Galilee.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001046005","n43001046006","n43001046007","n43001046008","n43001046009","n43001046010"],"choice":"a doubting question","alternatives":["a real request for information"],"reason":"The words alone do not show what answer is expected, but Nathanael's tone is doubtful: he cannot believe that anyone important could come from Nazareth.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001046006"],"choice":"a place like","alternatives":[],"reason":"Shows the doubt of meaning decision m2 in natural English.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001046006"],"choice":"ce village","alternatives":["cette ville"],"reason":"Nazareth was a small village (meaning decision m1); French \"village\" says so plainly, where \"ville\" would make it sound larger.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001046006"],"choice":"un lugar como","alternatives":[],"reason":"Shows the doubt of meaning decision m2 in natural Spanish; Readable shows it with \"acaso\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.46.s2","refs":["JHN.1.46"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001046011","n43001046012","n43001046013","n43001046014","n43001046015","n43001046016","n43001046017"],"text":"λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Φίλιππος· Ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε."},"literal_gloss":"Says to him the Philip, \"Come and see.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Philip said to him, \"Come and see.\"","L":"Philip says to him, \"Come and see.\"","R":"Philip answered, \"Come and see for yourself.\""},"es":{"B":"Felipe le dijo: «Ven a ver».","L":"Felipe le dice: «Ven y ve».","R":"Felipe le contestó: «Ven a verlo tú mismo»."},"fr":{"B":"Philippe lui répondit : « Viens voir. »","L":"Philippe lui dit : « Viens et vois. »","R":"Philippe a répondu : « Viens voir par toi-même. »"},"ko":{"B":"빌립이 그에게 말했다. \"와서 보아라.\"","L":"빌립이 그에게 말한다. \"와서 보아라.\"","R":"빌립이 대답했다. \"직접 와서 보아라.\""},"sw":{"B":"Filipo akamwambia, \"Njoo uone.\"","L":"Filipo anamwambia, \"Njoo uone.\"","R":"Filipo akajibu, \"Njoo ujionee mwenyewe.\""},"vi":{"B":"Phi-líp bảo ông: \"Anh hãy đến mà xem.\"","L":"Phi-líp nói với ông: \"Hãy đến và xem.\"","R":"Phi-líp đáp: \"Anh cứ đến mà xem tận mắt.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046013","n43001046014"],"language":"en","target_span":"Philip"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046011"],"language":"en","target_span":"said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046012"],"language":"en","target_span":"to him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046015"],"language":"en","target_span":"Come"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046016"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001046017"],"language":"en","target_span":"see"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001046015","n43001046016","n43001046017"],"choice":"Come and see: the invitation Jesus gave","alternatives":[],"reason":"Philip answers doubt the way Jesus answered the first two disciples (verse 39): not with an argument, but with an invitation to come and see.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001046017"],"choice":"for yourself","alternatives":[],"reason":"The command is to see in person; Readable says so.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001046015","n43001046016","n43001046017"],"choice":"Viens voir","alternatives":["Viens et vois"],"reason":"\"Viens voir\" is the natural French for this invitation; Literal keeps the two commands joined by \"et\", as the Greek has them.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001046017"],"choice":"Ven y ve (L); Ven a ver (B); Ven a verlo tú mismo (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"Ven y ve\" keeps the two Greek commands, but \"ve\" is also the command \"go\"; Balanced uses the natural phrase. Readable adds \"tú mismo\", as English adds \"for yourself\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.47.s1","refs":["JHN.1.47"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001047001","n43001047002","n43001047003","n43001047004","n43001047005","n43001047006","n43001047007","n43001047008","n43001047009","n43001047010","n43001047011","n43001047012","n43001047013","n43001047014","n43001047015","n43001047016","n43001047017","n43001047018","n43001047019","n43001047020"],"text":"εἶδεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Ναθαναὴλ ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ λέγει περὶ αὐτοῦ· Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν."},"literal_gloss":"Saw the Jesus the Nathanael coming toward him and says about him, \"Look, truly an Israelite in whom deceit not is.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"When Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} said of him, \"Here is a true Israelite: there is nothing deceitful in him.\"","L":"Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}} and says about him, \"Look, truly an Israelite, in whom deceit is not!\"","R":"Jesus saw Nathanael coming. He said, \"Here comes a real Israelite! There is nothing false about him.\""},"es":{"B":"Cuando Jesús vio que Natanael se le acercaba, dijo de él: «Este es un verdadero israelita: en él no hay engaño».","L":"Vio Jesús a Natanael que venía hacia {{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}, y dice de él: «¡He aquí verdaderamente un israelita en quien no hay engaño!».","R":"Jesús vio que Natanael se acercaba y dijo: «¡Aquí viene un verdadero israelita! No hay nada falso en él»."},"fr":{"B":"Quand Jésus vit Nathanaël venir vers {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}}, {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} dit de lui : « Voici un véritable Israélite : il n’y a aucune ruse en lui. »","L":"Jésus vit Nathanaël venir vers {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} et dit de lui : « Voici vraiment un Israélite en qui il n’y a pas de ruse ! »","R":"Jésus a vu Nathanaël arriver. Il a dit : « Voici un vrai Israélite ! Il n’y a rien de faux en lui. »"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 나다나엘이 자기에게 오는 것을 보시고 그를 두고 말씀하셨다. \"여기 참 이스라엘 사람이 있다. 그에게는 거짓이 전혀 없다.\"","L":"예수께서 나다나엘이 자기에게로 오는 것을 보시고 그에 대하여 말씀하신다. \"보아라, 참으로 이스라엘 사람이다. 그 안에는 거짓이 없다!\"","R":"예수께서 나다나엘이 오는 것을 보셨다. 예수께서 말씀하셨다. \"저기 진짜 이스라엘 사람이 온다! 그에게는 거짓된 것이 하나도 없다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Yesu alipomwona Nathanaeli akija {{deity_pronoun:kwake|Kwake}}, alisema habari zake, \"Huyu hapa ni Mwisraeli halisi, ambaye ndani yake hamna udanganyifu.\"","L":"Yesu alimwona Nathanaeli akija {{deity_pronoun:kwake|Kwake}}, {{deity_pronoun:naye|Naye}} anasema habari zake, \"Tazama, hakika Mwisraeli, ambaye ndani yake hamna hila!\"","R":"Yesu alimwona Nathanaeli akija. Akasema, \"Huyu anakuja Mwisraeli wa kweli! Hana uongo wowote.\""},"vi":{"B":"Khi thấy Na-tha-na-ên đến với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}, Đức Giê-xu nói về ông: \"Đây là một người Y-sơ-ra-ên thật, nơi người này không có chút gian dối nào.\"","L":"Đức Giê-xu thấy Na-tha-na-ên đang đến với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} và nói về ông: \"Kìa, thật là một người Y-sơ-ra-ên, trong người ấy không có sự gian dối!\"","R":"Đức Giê-xu thấy Na-tha-na-ên đang đến. Ngài nói: \"Kìa, một người Y-sơ-ra-ên đích thực! Người này không có gì giả dối cả.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047002","n43001047003"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047001"],"language":"en","target_span":"saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047004","n43001047005"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nathanael"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047006"],"language":"en","target_span":"coming"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047007","n43001047008"],"language":"en","target_span":"toward {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047010"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047011","n43001047012"],"language":"en","target_span":"of him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047013"],"language":"en","target_span":"Here is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047014","n43001047015"],"language":"en","target_span":"a true Israelite"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047020"],"language":"en","target_span":"there is"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047019"],"language":"en","target_span":"nothing"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047018"],"language":"en","target_span":"deceitful"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001047016","n43001047017"],"language":"en","target_span":"in him"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001047015","n43001047016","n43001047017","n43001047018"],"choice":"an echo of Jacob, the man of deceit who was renamed Israel","alternatives":[],"reason":"Isaac told Esau that Jacob had come \"with deceit\" and taken his blessing (Genesis 27:35), and the Greek translation of that verse uses this same word, δόλος. Later God renamed Jacob \"Israel\" (Genesis 32:28). Nathanael is an Israelite without the deceit of Jacob; verse 51 goes on to recall Jacob's dream. Psalm 32:2 blesses the one \"in whose spirit there is no deceit\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001047014","n43001047015"],"choice":"truly an Israelite: a true Israelite, worthy of the name","alternatives":["Look, truly! (an exclamation)"],"reason":"ἀληθῶς qualifies \"Israelite\": Nathanael is what an Israelite should be (compare Romans 9:6).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001047018"],"choice":"deceit: trickery, falseness","alternatives":[],"reason":"δόλος is cunning or trickery. Nathanael's blunt question in verse 46 already showed that he says what he thinks.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001047013"],"choice":"Here is (B); Here comes (R)","alternatives":["Look","Behold"],"reason":"Natural English for pointing someone out as he approaches.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001047008"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, {{deity_pronoun:he|He}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"These pronouns refer to Jesus; \"him\" in \"said of him\" is Nathanael and has no setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001047015"],"choice":"Israélite","alternatives":["Juif","Israélien"],"reason":"\"Israélite\" keeps the name Israel, given to Jacob, which the verse plays on (meaning decision m1); \"Israélien\" today means a citizen of the modern state, and \"Juif\" would lose the echo of Jacob. Readable keeps it too: the context makes it clear.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001047018"],"choice":"ruse","alternatives":["tromperie","fausseté","fraude"],"reason":"\"Ruse\" is the trickery Jacob used to take Esau’s blessing (meaning decisions m1 and m3), so the echo of Genesis 27:35 can be heard. Readable says \"rien de faux\", plainer for young readers.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001047014"],"choice":"hakika","alternatives":["kweli kweli"],"reason":"Literal translates the adverb \"truly\" with \"hakika\" (surely, truly), because \"kweli kweli\" is kept for the double amen of verse 51 and the rest of John.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001047013"],"choice":"he aquí (L); este es (B); aquí viene (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Natural Spanish for pointing someone out as he approaches; Literal keeps \"he aquí\", as in verse 29.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001047008"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:él|Él}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"Only the pronoun for Jesus takes the setting; \"de él\" and \"en él\" are Nathanael.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.48.s1","refs":["JHN.1.48"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001048001","n43001048002","n43001048003","n43001048004","n43001048005","n43001048006"],"text":"λέγει αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· Πόθεν με γινώσκεις;"},"literal_gloss":"Says to him Nathanael, \"From where me do you know?\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Nathanael asked {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, \"How do {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} know me?\"","L":"Nathanael says to {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, \"From where do {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} know me?\"","R":"Nathanael asked, \"How do {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} know me?\""},"es":{"B":"Natanael le preguntó: «¿Cómo es que me conoces?».","L":"Natanael le dice: «¿De dónde me conoces?».","R":"Natanael preguntó: «¿Cómo me conoces?»."},"fr":{"B":"Nathanaël {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} demanda : « D’où me connais-{{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} ? »","L":"Nathanaël {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} dit : « D’où me connais-{{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} ? »","R":"Nathanaël a demandé : « Comment est-ce que {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} me connais ? »"},"ko":{"B":"나다나엘이 그분께 물었다. \"어떻게 저를 아십니까?\"","L":"나다나엘이 그분께 말한다. \"어디에서 저를 아십니까?\"","R":"나다나엘이 물었다. \"어떻게 저를 아십니까?\""},"sw":{"B":"Nathanaeli akamwuliza, \"Unanijuaje?\"","L":"Nathanaeli anamwambia, \"Unanijua kutoka wapi?\"","R":"Nathanaeli akauliza, \"Unanijuaje?\""},"vi":{"B":"Na-tha-na-ên hỏi {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: \"Sao ông biết tôi?\"","L":"Na-tha-na-ên nói với {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: \"Từ đâu ông biết tôi?\"","R":"Na-tha-na-ên hỏi: \"Làm sao ông biết tôi?\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048003"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nathanael"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048001"],"language":"en","target_span":"asked"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048002"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048004"],"language":"en","target_span":"How"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048006"],"language":"en","target_span":"do {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} know"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048005"],"language":"en","target_span":"me"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001048004"],"choice":"From where?: how is it that?","alternatives":[],"reason":"Πόθεν literally asks \"from where\", and can also mean \"how is it that\" (as in Mark 12:37). The same word asks where Jesus himself is from (7:27; 9:29; 19:9).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001048004"],"choice":"How","alternatives":["From where"],"reason":"See meaning decision m1.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001048004"],"choice":"D’où me connais-tu ? (L, B); Comment est-ce que tu me connais ? (R)","alternatives":["Comment me connais-tu ? at Balanced, as the English Balanced"],"reason":"French \"d’où\" asks both \"from where\" and \"how is it that\", and \"d’où me connais-tu ?\" is the everyday question, so Balanced can keep the word that later asks where Jesus is from (7:27; 9:29; 19:9; meaning decision m1). Readable uses the plainest form.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001048004"],"choice":"¿De dónde? (L); ¿Cómo? (B, R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"¿De dónde me conoces?\" is natural Spanish, so Literal keeps the Greek word; Balanced and Readable say what it means here (meaning decision m1).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001048006"],"choice":"Nathanael calls Jesus \"ông\" here and \"Thầy\" in 1:49","alternatives":["{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} as in the English \"you\" span","\"Thầy\" in both verses"],"reason":"A doubting stranger speaks to Jesus as \"ông\", the polite word for a man he does not know; once he recognises him he says \"Rabbi ... Thầy\". The change of pronoun shows the change the Greek tells. Neither word takes a setting span.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.48.s2","refs":["JHN.1.48"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001048007","n43001048008","n43001048009","n43001048010","n43001048011","n43001048012","n43001048013","n43001048014","n43001048015","n43001048016","n43001048017","n43001048018","n43001048019","n43001048020","n43001048021","n43001048022"],"text":"ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν εἶδόν σε."},"literal_gloss":"Answered Jesus and said to him, \"Before the you Philip to call, being under the fig tree, I saw you.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Jesus answered, \"I saw you while you were still under the fig tree, before Philip called you.\"","L":"Jesus answered and said to him, \"Before Philip called you, being under the fig tree, I saw you.\"","R":"Jesus answered, \"I saw you under the fig tree, even before Philip called you.\""},"es":{"B":"Jesús le respondió: «Te vi cuando todavía estabas debajo de la higuera, antes de que Felipe te llamara».","L":"Respondió Jesús y le dijo: «Antes de que Felipe te llamara, estando tú debajo de la higuera, te vi».","R":"Jesús le respondió: «Te vi debajo de la higuera, aun antes de que Felipe te llamara»."},"fr":{"B":"Jésus lui répondit : « Je t’ai vu quand tu étais encore sous le figuier, avant que Philippe t’appelle. »","L":"Jésus répondit et lui dit : « Avant que Philippe t’appelle, quand tu étais sous le figuier, je t’ai vu. »","R":"Jésus a répondu : « Je t’ai vu sous le figuier, avant même que Philippe t’appelle. »"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 대답하셨다. \"빌립이 너를 부르기 전, 네가 아직 무화과나무 아래 있을 때 내가 너를 보았다.\"","L":"예수께서 대답하여 그에게 말씀하셨다. \"빌립이 너를 부르기 전에, 네가 무화과나무 아래 있을 때, 내가 너를 보았다.\"","R":"예수께서 대답하셨다. \"빌립이 너를 부르기도 전에, 나는 무화과나무 아래 있는 너를 보았다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Yesu akajibu, \"Nilikuona ulipokuwa bado chini ya mtini, kabla Filipo hajakuita.\"","L":"Yesu akajibu, akamwambia, \"Kabla Filipo hajakuita, ulipokuwa chini ya mtini, nilikuona.\"","R":"Yesu akajibu, \"Nilikuona chini ya mtini, hata kabla Filipo hajakuita.\""},"vi":{"B":"Đức Giê-xu đáp: \"Ta đã thấy anh khi anh còn ở dưới cây vả, trước khi Phi-líp gọi anh.\"","L":"Đức Giê-xu trả lời và nói với ông: \"Trước khi Phi-líp gọi anh, lúc anh ở dưới cây vả, {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} đã thấy anh.\"","R":"Đức Giê-xu đáp: \"Ta đã thấy anh ở dưới cây vả, ngay cả trước khi Phi-líp gọi anh.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048008"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048007"],"language":"en","target_span":"answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048021"],"language":"en","target_span":"I saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048022"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048017"],"language":"en","target_span":"you were"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048018"],"language":"en","target_span":"under"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048019","n43001048020"],"language":"en","target_span":"the fig tree"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048012","n43001048013"],"language":"en","target_span":"before"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048015"],"language":"en","target_span":"Philip"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048016"],"language":"en","target_span":"called"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001048014"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001048017"],"choice":"being: Nathanael was the one under the fig tree","alternatives":["Jesus was under the fig tree"],"reason":"ὄντα agrees with \"you\": Nathanael was under the tree.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001048012","n43001048013","n43001048014","n43001048015","n43001048016","n43001048017","n43001048018","n43001048019","n43001048020","n43001048021","n43001048022"],"choice":"Jesus knew what he could not have seen in an ordinary way","alternatives":[],"reason":"Jesus saw Nathanael where no one could have told him, and Nathanael takes it as a sign of who Jesus is (verse 49). John notes elsewhere that Jesus knew what was in people (2:24-25; 4:17-18).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"culture","tokens":["n43001048020"],"choice":"the fig tree: an ordinary place of shade, with a picture of peace behind it","alternatives":[],"reason":"John does not say what Nathanael was doing there. A fig tree gave shade near a house, and \"each under his vine and under his fig tree\" was a picture of peace in Israel (1 Kings 4:25; Micah 4:4; Zechariah 3:10). The translation leaves the image as it stands.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001048012","n43001048013","n43001048014","n43001048015","n43001048016","n43001048017","n43001048018","n43001048019","n43001048020","n43001048021","n43001048022"],"choice":"I saw you ... before Philip called you","alternatives":["Before Philip called you ... I saw you"],"reason":"Balanced and Readable lead with the main statement; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001048012","n43001048013","n43001048014","n43001048015","n43001048016","n43001048017","n43001048018","n43001048019","n43001048020","n43001048021","n43001048022"],"choice":"Te vi ... antes de que Felipe te llamara","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Balanced and Readable lead with the main statement; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.49.s1","refs":["JHN.1.49"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001049001","n43001049002","n43001049003","n43001049004","n43001049005","n43001049006","n43001049007","n43001049008","n43001049009","n43001049010","n43001049011","n43001049012","n43001049013","n43001049014","n43001049015"],"text":"ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· Ῥαββί, σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, σὺ βασιλεὺς εἶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ."},"literal_gloss":"Answered him Nathanael, \"Rabbi, you are the son of the God, you king are of the Israel.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Nathanael answered, \"Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} are the Son of God; {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} are Israel's King!\"","L":"Nathanael answered {{deity_pronoun:him|Him}}, \"Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} are the Son of God, {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} are King of Israel.\"","R":"Nathanael answered, \"Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:you|You}} are the Son of God! You are the promised King of Israel!\""},"es":{"B":"Natanael respondió: «Rabí, {{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}} eres el Hijo de Dios; ¡{{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}} eres el Rey de Israel!».","L":"Natanael le respondió: «Rabí, {{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}} eres el Hijo de Dios, {{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}} eres Rey de Israel».","R":"Natanael respondió: «¡Rabí, {{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}} eres el Hijo de Dios! ¡Tú eres el Rey de Israel que Dios prometió!»."},"fr":{"B":"Nathanaël répondit : « Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} es le Fils de Dieu ; {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} es le roi d’Israël ! »","L":"Nathanaël {{deity_pronoun:lui|Lui}} répondit : « Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} es le Fils de Dieu, {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} es roi d’Israël. »","R":"Nathanaël a répondu : « Rabbi, {{deity_pronoun:tu|Tu}} es le Fils de Dieu ! Tu es le roi d’Israël, celui que Dieu avait promis ! »"},"ko":{"B":"나다나엘이 대답했다. \"랍비님, 선생님은 하나님의 아들이십니다! 이스라엘의 왕이십니다!\"","L":"나다나엘이 그분께 대답했다. \"랍비, 선생님은 하나님의 아들이십니다. 선생님은 이스라엘의 왕이십니다.\"","R":"나다나엘이 대답했다. \"랍비님, 선생님은 하나님의 아들이십니다! 약속된 이스라엘의 왕이십니다!\""},"sw":{"B":"Nathanaeli akajibu, \"Rabi, {{deity_pronoun:wewe|Wewe}} ni Mwana wa Mungu; {{deity_pronoun:wewe|Wewe}} ni Mfalme wa Israeli!\"","L":"Nathanaeli akamjibu, \"Rabi, {{deity_pronoun:wewe|Wewe}} ni Mwana wa Mungu, {{deity_pronoun:wewe|Wewe}} ni Mfalme wa Israeli.\"","R":"Nathanaeli akajibu, \"Rabi, {{deity_pronoun:wewe|Wewe}} ni Mwana wa Mungu! Wewe ni Mfalme wa Israeli aliyeahidiwa!\""},"vi":{"B":"Na-tha-na-ên thưa: \"Thưa Ra-bi, Thầy là Con Đức Chúa Trời; Thầy là Vua của Y-sơ-ra-ên!\"","L":"Na-tha-na-ên trả lời {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}: \"Ra-bi, Thầy là Con Đức Chúa Trời, Thầy là Vua của Y-sơ-ra-ên.\"","R":"Na-tha-na-ên thưa: \"Thưa Ra-bi, Thầy là Con Đức Chúa Trời! Thầy là vị Vua mà Đức Chúa Trời đã hứa ban cho Y-sơ-ra-ên!\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049003"],"language":"en","target_span":"Nathanael"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049001"],"language":"en","target_span":"answered"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Rabbi"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049005"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:you|You}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049006"],"language":"en","target_span":"are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049007","n43001049008"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049009","n43001049010"],"language":"en","target_span":"of God"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049011"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:you|You}}"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049013"],"language":"en","target_span":"are"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049014","n43001049015"],"language":"en","target_span":"Israel's"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001049012"],"language":"en","target_span":"King"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001049007","n43001049008","n43001049009","n43001049010"],"choice":"Son of God: here a royal title for the Messiah, which the Gospel fills out","alternatives":[],"reason":"Paired with \"King of Israel\", \"Son of God\" recalls God's promise to David's heir, \"I will be his father, and he will be my son\" (2 Samuel 7:14), and Psalm 2, where God calls his anointed king his son (Psalm 2:6-7). Nathanael means at least that Jesus is the promised king. John's readers already know that the Son is far more (1:14, 18), and the book is written so that they may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God (20:31).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001049012","n43001049013","n43001049014","n43001049015"],"choice":"King of Israel: the promised king","alternatives":[],"reason":"Zephaniah 3:15 calls the LORD himself the King of Israel in the midst of his people. The crowd greets Jesus with this title when he enters Jerusalem (12:13), and the notice on the cross calls him \"King of the Jews\" (19:19).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001049012"],"choice":"King without the article: still definite","alternatives":["a king"],"reason":"The noun comes before the verb without the article, a common way to make such a predicate definite: Nathanael means the King, not one king among others.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001049005","n43001049011"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:you|You}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in verse 38. At the start of a sentence \"You\" is written plain.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001049012"],"choice":"promised","alternatives":[],"reason":"Readable says what the title means here (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001049012"],"choice":"roi d’Israël (L); le roi d’Israël (B, R), lowercase","alternatives":["le Roi d’Israël"],"reason":"Literal follows the Greek, which has no article; French \"tu es roi d’Israël\" still reads as the one king (meaning decision m3). French writes titles such as \"roi\" in lowercase.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001049005","n43001049011"],"choice":"{{deity_pronoun:tú|Tú}}","alternatives":[],"reason":"The stressed \"tú\" refers to Christ, so it takes the setting. At the start of a sentence \"Tú\" is written plain.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001049012"],"choice":"que Dios prometió","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: Readable says what the title means here (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"register","tokens":["n43001049005","n43001049011"],"choice":"\"선생님은\" for the emphatic \"you\" addressed to Jesus","alternatives":["\"당신은\"","no pronoun"],"reason":"Korean does not address a respected person as \"당신\", which would sound rude; a title stands in for the pronoun. \"선생님\" (teacher) follows from \"랍비\" and keeps the emphasis of the Greek \"you\"; Literal repeats it as the Greek repeats \"you\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"setting_alternative","tokens":["n43001049005","n43001049011"],"choice":"\"Thầy\" for \"you\", with no setting span","alternatives":["{{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}}"],"reason":"As in 1:38: a disciple addresses Jesus with the noun \"Thầy\", always capitalised, so the deity_pronoun setting does not apply.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.50.s1","refs":["JHN.1.50"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001050001","n43001050002","n43001050003","n43001050004","n43001050005","n43001050006","n43001050007","n43001050008","n43001050009","n43001050010","n43001050011","n43001050012","n43001050013","n43001050014","n43001050015"],"text":"ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς πιστεύεις;"},"literal_gloss":"Answered Jesus and said to him, \"Because I said to you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe?","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Jesus replied, \"Do you believe because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree?","L":"Jesus answered and said to him, \"Because I said to you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe?","R":"Jesus answered, \"Do you believe just because I told you I saw you under the fig tree?"},"es":{"B":"Jesús le contestó: «¿Crees porque te dije que te vi debajo de la higuera?","L":"Respondió Jesús y le dijo: «¿Porque te dije que te vi debajo de la higuera, crees?","R":"Jesús le respondió: «¿Crees solo porque te dije que te vi debajo de la higuera?"},"fr":{"B":"Jésus lui répondit : « Est-ce parce que je t’ai dit que je t’avais vu sous le figuier que tu crois ?","L":"Jésus répondit et lui dit : « Parce que je t’ai dit que je t’avais vu sous le figuier, tu crois ?","R":"Jésus a répondu : « Tu crois seulement parce que je t’ai dit que je t’avais vu sous le figuier ?"},"ko":{"B":"예수께서 대답하셨다. \"내가 무화과나무 아래에서 너를 보았다고 말했기 때문에 믿느냐?","L":"예수께서 대답하여 그에게 말씀하셨다. \"내가 너를 무화과나무 아래에서 보았다고 네게 말했기 때문에 네가 믿느냐?","R":"예수께서 대답하셨다. \"무화과나무 아래에서 너를 보았다고 내가 말한 것만으로 믿느냐?"},"sw":{"B":"Yesu akamjibu, \"Je, unaamini kwa sababu nilikuambia kwamba nilikuona chini ya mtini?","L":"Yesu akajibu, akamwambia, \"Kwa sababu nilikuambia kwamba nilikuona chini ya mtini, unaamini?","R":"Yesu akajibu, \"Je, unaamini kwa sababu tu nilikuambia kwamba nilikuona chini ya mtini?"},"vi":{"B":"Đức Giê-xu đáp: \"Có phải anh tin vì {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} bảo anh rằng {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} đã thấy anh dưới cây vả không?","L":"Đức Giê-xu trả lời và nói với ông: \"Vì {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} đã nói với anh rằng {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} đã thấy anh dưới cây vả, nên anh tin sao?","R":"Đức Giê-xu đáp: \"Chỉ vì {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} nói rằng {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} đã thấy anh dưới cây vả mà anh tin sao?"}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050002"],"language":"en","target_span":"Jesus"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050001"],"language":"en","target_span":"replied"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050015"],"language":"en","target_span":"Do you believe"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050006"],"language":"en","target_span":"because"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050007"],"language":"en","target_span":"I told"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050008"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050009"],"language":"en","target_span":"that"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050010"],"language":"en","target_span":"I saw"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050011"],"language":"en","target_span":"you"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050012"],"language":"en","target_span":"under"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050013","n43001050014"],"language":"en","target_span":"the fig tree"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001050006","n43001050007","n43001050008","n43001050009","n43001050010","n43001050011","n43001050012","n43001050013","n43001050014","n43001050015"],"choice":"a question (SBLGNT)","alternatives":["a statement: you believe because I told you"],"reason":"The earliest manuscripts have no question marks, so it could be read either way. Either way Jesus is not rejecting Nathanael's faith: he accepts it and promises more (the next sentence).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001050015"],"choice":"believe: real faith, at its beginning","alternatives":[],"reason":"Key term. After the opening (1:7, 12), this is the first time in the story that someone is said to believe. Jesus accepts it, and promises that what Nathanael has seen is small next to what is coming.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001050006","n43001050007","n43001050008","n43001050009","n43001050010","n43001050011","n43001050012","n43001050013","n43001050014","n43001050015"],"choice":"Do you believe because ...?","alternatives":["Because ..., do you believe?"],"reason":"Natural English order for the question.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001050006"],"choice":"just","alternatives":[],"reason":"The contrast with \"greater things\" in the next sentence implies it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_order","tokens":["n43001050006","n43001050007","n43001050008","n43001050009","n43001050010","n43001050011","n43001050012","n43001050013","n43001050014","n43001050015"],"choice":"¿Crees porque ...?","alternatives":[],"reason":"Natural Spanish order for the question; Literal keeps the Greek order.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001050006"],"choice":"solo","alternatives":[],"reason":"As in English: the contrast with \"cosas mayores\" in the next sentence implies it.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.50.s2","refs":["JHN.1.50"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001050016","n43001050017","n43001050018"],"text":"μείζω τούτων ὄψῃ."},"literal_gloss":"Greater things than these you will see.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"You will see greater things than that.\"","L":"Greater things than these you will see.\"","R":"You will see greater things than this.\""},"es":{"B":"Verás cosas más grandes que eso».","L":"Cosas mayores que estas verás».","R":"Vas a ver cosas mucho más grandes que esto»."},"fr":{"B":"Tu verras de plus grandes choses que cela. »","L":"Tu verras des choses plus grandes que celles-ci. »","R":"Tu verras des choses encore plus grandes que cela. »"},"ko":{"B":"너는 그보다 더 큰 일을 보게 될 것이다.\"","L":"이것들보다 더 큰 일들을 네가 보게 될 것이다.\"","R":"너는 이보다 더 큰 일을 보게 될 것이다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Utaona mambo makuu kuliko hilo.\"","L":"Mambo makuu kuliko haya utaona.\"","R":"Utaona mambo makubwa kuliko hili.\""},"vi":{"B":"Anh sẽ thấy những việc lớn hơn thế nữa.\"","L":"Những việc lớn hơn những việc này anh sẽ thấy.\"","R":"Anh sẽ còn thấy những việc lớn hơn việc này nhiều.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050018"],"language":"en","target_span":"You will see"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050016"],"language":"en","target_span":"greater things"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001050017"],"language":"en","target_span":"than that"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001050016","n43001050017","n43001050018"],"choice":"greater things: what Jesus will do and show","alternatives":[],"reason":"The plural looks ahead to the signs that begin at Cana (2:11) and to what the next sentence describes. The verb is singular, spoken to Nathanael; the next sentence widens the promise to all.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001050017"],"choice":"than that (B); than this (R)","alternatives":["than these"],"reason":"English refers to one event with a singular word.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001050017"],"choice":"eso (B); esto (R)","alternatives":["estas"],"reason":"Spanish refers to one event with the neuter pronoun; Literal keeps the Greek plural.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"},{"id":"JHN.1.51.s1","refs":["JHN.1.51"],"source":{"language":"grc","text_id":"SBLGNT@v1.2","tokens":["n43001051001","n43001051002","n43001051003","n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006","n43001051007","n43001051008","n43001051009","n43001051010","n43001051011","n43001051012","n43001051013","n43001051014","n43001051015","n43001051016","n43001051017","n43001051018","n43001051019","n43001051020","n43001051021","n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"text":"καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὄψεσθε τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους τοῦ θεοῦ ἀναβαίνοντας καὶ καταβαίνοντας ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου."},"literal_gloss":"And he says to him, \"Amen, amen, I say to you, you will see the heaven having been opened and the angels of the God going up and coming down upon the son of the man.\"","renderings":{"en":{"B":"Then {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} said to him, \"Truly, truly, I tell you all: you will see heaven standing open, and God's angels going up and coming down on the Son of Man.\"","L":"And {{deity_pronoun:he|He}} says to him, \"Truly, truly I say to you [all], you will see the heaven standing open and the angels of God going up and coming down upon the Son of Man.\"","R":"Then Jesus said, \"I tell you the truth: all of you will see heaven open wide, and God's angels going up and coming down on the Son of Man.\""},"es":{"B":"Luego le dijo: «En verdad, en verdad {{plural_you:les|os}} digo: {{plural_you:verán|veréis}} el cielo abierto, y a los ángeles de Dios subiendo y bajando sobre el Hijo del Hombre».","L":"Y le dice: «En verdad, en verdad {{plural_you:les|os}} digo: {{plural_you:verán|veréis}} el cielo abierto, y a los ángeles de Dios subiendo y bajando sobre el Hijo del Hombre».","R":"Luego Jesús dijo: «{{plural_you:Les|Os}} digo la verdad: todos {{plural_you:ustedes verán|vosotros veréis}} el cielo abierto de par en par, y a los ángeles de Dios subiendo y bajando sobre el Hijo del Hombre»."},"fr":{"B":"Puis {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} lui dit : « En vérité, en vérité, je vous le dis : vous verrez le ciel ouvert, et les anges de Dieu monter et descendre sur le Fils de l’homme. »","L":"Et {{deity_pronoun:il|Il}} lui dit : « En vérité, en vérité, je vous le dis, vous verrez le ciel ouvert, et les anges de Dieu montant et descendant sur le Fils de l’homme. »","R":"Puis Jésus a dit : « Je vous le dis, c’est la vérité : vous verrez tous le ciel grand ouvert, et les anges de Dieu monter et descendre sur le Fils de l’homme. »"},"ko":{"B":"그리고 예수께서 그에게 말씀하셨다. \"진실로 진실로 너희에게 말한다. 너희는 하늘이 열려 있고, 하나님의 천사들이 인자 위로 오르내리는 것을 보게 될 것이다.\"","L":"그리고 그분이 그에게 말씀하신다. \"진실로 진실로 너희에게 말한다. 너희는 하늘이 열려 있고, 하나님의 천사들이 인자 위로 올라가고 내려오는 것을 보게 될 것이다.\"","R":"그리고 예수께서 말씀하셨다. \"내가 분명히 말한다. 너희 모두가, 하늘이 활짝 열리고 하나님의 천사들이 인자, 곧 사람의 아들 위로 올라가고 내려오는 것을 보게 될 것이다.\""},"sw":{"B":"Kisha akamwambia, \"Kweli kweli nawaambia nyote: mtaona mbingu zimefunguka, na malaika wa Mungu wakipanda na kushuka juu ya Mwana wa Adamu.\"","L":"Naye anamwambia, \"Kweli kweli nawaambia, mtaona mbingu zikiwa zimefunguka, na malaika wa Mungu wakipanda na kushuka juu ya Mwana wa Adamu.\"","R":"Kisha Yesu akasema, \"Nawaambia ukweli: ninyi nyote mtaona mbingu zimefunguka wazi, na malaika wa Mungu wakipanda na kushuka juu ya Mwana wa Adamu.\""},"vi":{"B":"Rồi {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} nói với ông: \"Thật vậy, thật vậy, {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} nói với các anh: các anh sẽ thấy trời mở rộng, và các thiên sứ của Đức Chúa Trời đi lên đi xuống trên Con Người.\"","L":"Và {{deity_pronoun:ngài|Ngài}} nói với ông: \"Thật vậy, thật vậy, {{deity_pronoun:ta|Ta}} nói với các anh, các anh sẽ thấy trời mở ra và các thiên sứ của Đức Chúa Trời đi lên và đi xuống trên Con Người.\"","R":"Rồi Đức Giê-xu nói: \"Ta nói thật với các anh: tất cả các anh sẽ thấy trời mở rộng ra, và các thiên sứ của Đức Chúa Trời đi lên đi xuống trên Con Người.\""}},"alignments":[{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051001"],"language":"en","target_span":"Then"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051002"],"language":"en","target_span":"{{deity_pronoun:he|He}} said"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051003"],"language":"en","target_span":"to him"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051004"],"language":"en","target_span":"Truly"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051005"],"language":"en","target_span":"truly"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051006"],"language":"en","target_span":"I tell"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051007"],"language":"en","target_span":"you all"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051008"],"language":"en","target_span":"you will see"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051009","n43001051010"],"language":"en","target_span":"heaven"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051011"],"language":"en","target_span":"standing open"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051012"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051015","n43001051016"],"language":"en","target_span":"God's"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051013","n43001051014"],"language":"en","target_span":"angels"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051017"],"language":"en","target_span":"going up"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051018"],"language":"en","target_span":"and"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051019"],"language":"en","target_span":"coming down"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051020"],"language":"en","target_span":"on"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051021","n43001051022"],"language":"en","target_span":"the Son"},{"level":"B","tokens":["n43001051023","n43001051024"],"language":"en","target_span":"of Man"}],"decisions":[{"id":"m1","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"word_sense","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005"],"choice":"Amen, amen: a solemn pledge that what follows is true","alternatives":[],"reason":"Ἀμὴν is a Hebrew word meaning \"it is sure\". People normally said it in response to someone else's prayer or oath (Deuteronomy 27:15-26; Nehemiah 8:6). Jesus puts it before his own words, as a pledge of their truth. Only in John is it doubled, twenty-five times; this is the first.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m2","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001051007","n43001051008"],"choice":"you: plural, addressed to more than Nathanael","alternatives":[],"reason":"\"He says to him\" is singular, but ὑμῖν and ὄψεσθε are plural: the promise is for all the disciples.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m3","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"allusion","tokens":["n43001051013","n43001051014","n43001051015","n43001051016","n43001051017","n43001051018","n43001051019"],"choice":"Jacob's dream at Bethel (Genesis 28:12)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Jacob dreamed of a stairway set on the earth and reaching to heaven, with the angels of God going up and coming down on it (Genesis 28:12); the words here follow the Greek of that verse closely. Jacob called the place the house of God and the gate of heaven (Genesis 28:17). Jesus says that he himself is where heaven and earth meet: the angels go up and down on the Son of Man. Together with the echo of Jacob in verse 47, the promise is that Nathanael will see more than Jacob saw.","uncertain":false,"footnote":true},{"id":"m4","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"grammar","tokens":["n43001051010","n43001051011"],"choice":"heaven opened and standing open","alternatives":[],"reason":"The perfect participle says heaven has been opened and stays open: the way between God and people is open, as when heaven opened in the visions of the prophets (Ezekiel 1:1) and at Jesus's baptism (Mark 1:10).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"m5","layer":"meaning","language":null,"category":"theology","tokens":["n43001051021","n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"the Son of Man: Jesus's name for himself, recalling Daniel 7:13-14","alternatives":["a son of man: simply a human being"],"reason":"In Hebrew \"son of man\" can mean simply a human being (Psalm 8:5; Ezekiel 2:1). In Daniel 7:13-14 one \"like a son of man\" comes with the clouds of heaven and receives everlasting rule from God. In the Gospels Jesus uses the title of himself, and others only repeat it (12:34). In John the Son of Man has come down from heaven and will be lifted up (3:13-14). Nathanael has called him Son of God and King; Jesus answers with the title he chooses for himself.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-1","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006"],"choice":"Truly, truly I say to you (L); Truly, truly, I tell you (B); I tell you the truth (R)","alternatives":["Amen, amen","Very truly","Verily, verily"],"reason":"The book-wide rendering for John, recorded once in this passage.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-2","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001051007"],"choice":"[all] (L); you all (B); all of you (R)","alternatives":["you"],"reason":"English \"you\" does not show the plural (meaning decision m2).","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-3","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"the Son of Man, with capitals and no gender setting","alternatives":["the Son of the Human","the Human One"],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: a title, so it is never under the gender setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-en-4","layer":"rendering","language":"en","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051017","n43001051018","n43001051019"],"choice":"going up and coming down","alternatives":["ascending and descending"],"reason":"Plain English verbs at every level; the note gives the link to Genesis 28:12.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-1","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006"],"choice":"En vérité, en vérité, je vous le dis (L, B); Je vous le dis, c’est la vérité (R)","alternatives":["Amen, amen, je vous le dis","Oui, vraiment, je vous le dis"],"reason":"The book-wide French rendering for John, recorded once in this passage (meaning decision m1). Readable puts the pledge in plain words.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-fr-2","layer":"rendering","language":"fr","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001051007","n43001051008"],"choice":"vous, without [tous] (L, B); vous ... tous (R)","alternatives":["[vous tous] at Literal, as the English"],"reason":"French \"vous\" shows the plural that English \"you\" hides (meaning decision m2), and since Jesus has said \"tu\" to Nathanael until now, the change is clear without adding a word. Readable adds \"tous\" to make it unmistakable for young readers.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-1","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006"],"choice":"Kweli kweli nawaambia (L, B); Nawaambia ukweli (R)","alternatives":["Amin, amin, nawaambia"],"reason":"The double amen is a solemn pledge. \"Kweli kweli\" (truly, truly) keeps the doubling in plain Swahili; Readable says \"I tell you the truth\", as the English Readable does. Used for every double amen in John.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-2","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001051007","n43001051008"],"choice":"nawaambia, mtaona: the plural is in the verb","alternatives":["nakuambia, utaona","nawaambia [ninyi nyote]"],"reason":"Jesus speaks to Nathanael but says \"you\" in the plural. Swahili marks the plural in the verb (-wa-, m-), so Literal needs no bracket; Balanced adds \"nyote\" and Readable \"ninyi nyote\" (all of you), as the English does.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-sw-3","layer":"rendering","language":"sw","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"Mwana wa Adamu (for the whole book)","alternatives":["Mwana wa Mtu"],"reason":"The settled Swahili title; \"Adamu\" is also a word for humankind (as in \"binadamu\"), so it keeps the sense of \"son of man\" in Daniel 7:13. \"Mwana wa Mtu\" is more literal but unfamiliar. Never under the gender setting. For review by a native speaker.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-1","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006"],"choice":"En verdad, en verdad les digo (L, B); Les digo la verdad (R)","alternatives":["De cierto, de cierto"],"reason":"The book-wide rendering for John in Spanish, recorded once in this passage. \"De cierto, de cierto\" is the older form and now sounds dated.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-2","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001051007"],"choice":"no supplied [todos] (L, B); todos ustedes (R)","alternatives":[],"reason":"Unlike English, Spanish shows the plural in \"les\" and \"verán\" (meaning decision m2), so Literal and Balanced need no added word. Readable adds \"todos\" to make the widening of the promise plain.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-es-3","layer":"rendering","language":"es","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"el Hijo del Hombre, with capitals and no gender setting","alternatives":[],"reason":"The book-wide choice for John: a title, so it is never under the gender setting.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-1","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006","n43001051007"],"choice":"\"진실로 진실로 너희에게 말한다\" (L, B); \"내가 분명히 말한다\" (R), through 1:19-51","alternatives":["\"아멘 아멘\"","\"참으로 참으로\""],"reason":"The style guide's wording for the double amen. \"너희\" is plural in itself, so Korean needs no bracketed \"[all]\" to show that Jesus addresses more than Nathanael; Readable says \"너희 모두\".","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-ko-2","layer":"rendering","language":"ko","levels":["R"],"category":"supplied_words","tokens":["n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"\"인자, 곧 사람의 아들\" (R); \"인자\" (L, B)","alternatives":["\"인자\" alone at Readable"],"reason":"\"인자\" is the title at every level, never under the gender setting. Readers new to it may not know that it means \"son of man\", so Readable adds \"곧 사람의 아들\" once in the passage, as the style guide allows.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-1","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051004","n43001051005","n43001051006"],"choice":"\"Thật vậy, thật vậy, Ta nói với...\" (L, B); \"Ta nói thật với...\" (R)","alternatives":["\"Quả thật, quả thật\"","\"A-men, a-men\""],"reason":"The book-wide formula of the style guide, recorded once per passage. \"Quả thật, quả thật\" is the familiar older wording; \"Thật vậy\" is the modern equivalent.","uncertain":false,"footnote":false},{"id":"r-vi-2","layer":"rendering","language":"vi","levels":["L","B","R"],"category":"word_choice","tokens":["n43001051007","n43001051022","n43001051023","n43001051024"],"choice":"plural \"các anh\" needs no brackets; \"Con Người\" capitalised; \"thiên sứ\" for angels","alternatives":["\"[tất cả] các anh\" at L","\"con người\"","\"thiên thần\" (Catholic)"],"reason":"Vietnamese marks the plural in the pronoun itself, so nothing is supplied. \"Con Người\" is Jesus's title, never under the gender setting. \"thiên sứ\" (heavenly messenger) is the Protestant word; not in the guide's table.","uncertain":true,"footnote":false}],"status":"ai_draft"}],"words":{"JHN.1.1":[{"id":"n43001001001","position":1,"text":"Ἐν","after":" ","lemma":"ἐν","morph":"PREP","gloss":"In [the]","english":"in","strong":"1722"},{"id":"n43001001002","position":2,"text":"ἀρχῇ","after":" ","lemma":"ἀρχή","morph":"N-DSF","gloss":"beginning","english":"beginning","strong":"746"},{"id":"n43001001003","position":3,"text":"ἦν","after":" ","lemma":"εἰμί","morph":"V-IAI-3S","gloss":"was","english":"was","strong":"2258"},{"id":"n43001001004","position":4,"text":"ὁ","after":" ","lemma":"ὁ","morph":"T-NSM","gloss":"the","english":"the","strong":"3588"},{"id":"n43001001005","position":5,"text":"λόγος","after":",","lemma":"λόγος","morph":"N-NSM","gloss":"Word","english":"word","strong":"3056"},{"id":"n43001001006","position":6,"text":"καὶ","after":" ","lemma":"καί","morph":"CONJ","gloss":"and","english":"and","strong":"2532"},{"id":"n43001001007","position":7,"text":"ὁ","after":" ","lemma":"ὁ","morph":"T-NSM","gloss":"the","english":"the","strong":"3588"},{"id":"n43001001008","position":8,"text":"λόγος","after":" ","lemma":"λόγος","morph":"N-NSM","gloss":"Word","english":"word","strong":"3056"},{"id":"n43001001009","position":9,"text":"ἦν","after":" ","lemma":"εἰμί","morph":"V-IAI-3S","gloss":"was","english":"was","strong":"2258"},{"id":"n43001001010","position":10,"text":"πρὸς","after":" ","lemma":"πρός","morph":"PREP","gloss":"with","english":"with","strong":"4314"},{"id":"n43001001011","position":11,"text":"τὸν","after":" ","lemma":"ὁ","morph":"T-ASM","gloss":"-","english":"","strong":"3588"},{"id":"n43001001012","position":12,"text":"θεόν","after":",","lemma":"θεός","morph":"N-ASM","gloss":"God","english":"God","strong":"2316"},{"id":"n43001001013","position":13,"text":"καὶ","after":" ","lemma":"καί","morph":"CONJ","gloss":"and","english":"and","strong":"2532"},{"id":"n43001001014","position":14,"text":"θεὸς","after":" ","lemma":"θεός","morph":"N-NSM","gloss":"God","english":"God","strong":"2316"},{"id":"n43001001015","position":15,"text":"ἦν","after":" ","lemma":"εἰμί","morph":"V-IAI-3S","gloss":"was","english":"was","strong":"2258"},{"id":"n43001001016","position":16,"text":"ὁ","after":" ","lemma":"ὁ","morph":"T-NSM","gloss":"the","english":"the","strong":"3588"},{"id":"n43001001017","position":17,"text":"λόγος","after":".","lemma":"λόγος","morph":"N-NSM","gloss":"Word","english":"word","strong":"3056"}],"JHN.1.2":[{"id":"n43001002001","position":1,"text":"οὗτος","after":" ","lemma":"οὗτος","morph":"D-NSM","gloss":"He","english":"he","strong":"3778"},{"id":"n43001002002","position":2,"text":"ἦν","after":" ","lemma":"εἰμί","morph":"V-IAI-3S","gloss":"was","english":"was","strong":"2258"},{"id":"n43001002003","position":3,"text":"ἐν","after":" ","lemma":"ἐν","morph":"PREP","gloss":"in [the]","english":"in","strong":"1722"},{"id":"n43001002004","position":4,"text":"ἀρχῇ","after":" ","lemma":"ἀρχή","morph":"N-DSF","gloss":"beginning","english":"beginning","strong":"746"},{"id":"n43001002005","position":5,"text":"πρὸς","after":" ","lemma":"πρός","morph":"PREP","gloss":"with","english":"with","strong":"4314"},{"id":"n43001002006","position":6,"text":"τὸν","after":" ","lemma":"ὁ","morph":"T-ASM","gloss":"-","english":"","strong":"3588"},{"id":"n43001002007","position":7,"text":"θεόν","after":".","lemma":"θεός","morph":"N-ASM","gloss":"God","english":"God","strong":"2316"}],"JHN.1.3":[{"id":"n43001003001","position":1,"text":"πάντα","after":" ","lemma":"πᾶς","morph":"A-NPN","gloss":"All things","english":"all","strong":"3956"},{"id":"n43001003002","position":2,"text":"δι","after":"’","lemma":"διά","morph":"PREP","gloss":"through","english":"through","strong":"1223"},{"id":"n43001003003","position":3,"text":"αὐτοῦ","after":" ","lemma":"αὐτός","morph":"P-GSM","gloss":"Him","english":"him","strong":"846"},{"id":"n43001003004","position":4,"text":"ἐγένετο","after":",","lemma":"γίνομαι","morph":"V-2ADI-3S","gloss":"came into being","english":"came into being","strong":"1096"},{"id":"n43001003005","position":5,"text":"καὶ","after":" ","lemma":"καί","morph":"CONJ","gloss":"and","english":"and","strong":"2532"},{"id":"n43001003006","position":6,"text":"χωρὶς","after":" ","lemma":"χωρίς","morph":"ADV","gloss":"without","english":"without","strong":"5565"},{"id":"n43001003007","position":7,"text":"αὐτοῦ","after":" ","lemma":"αὐτός","morph":"P-GSM","gloss":"Him","english":"him","strong":"846"},{"id":"n43001003008","position":8,"text":"ἐγένετο","after":" ","lemma":"γίνομαι","morph":"V-2ADI-3S","gloss":"came into being","english":"came into being","strong":"1096"},{"id":"n43001003009","position":9,"text":"οὐδὲ","after":" ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morph":"CONJ-N","gloss":"not even","english":"not","strong":"3761"},{"id":"n43001003010","position":10,"text":"ἕν","after":".","lemma":"εἷς","morph":"A-NSN","gloss":"one [thing]","english":"one","strong":"1520"},{"id":"n43001003011","position":11,"text":"ὃ","after":" ","lemma":"ὅς","morph":"R-NSN","gloss":"that","english":"that","strong":"3739"},{"id":"n43001003012","position":12,"text":"γέγονεν","after":" ","lemma":"γίνομαι","morph":"V-2RAI-3S","gloss":"has come into being","english":"come into being","strong":"1096"}],"JHN.1.4":[{"id":"n43001004001","position":1,"text":"ἐν","after":" 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